21) What is a hydrograph NOT able to tell you about a river? 21) A) How the stag

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21) What is a hydrograph NOT able to tell you about a river? 21) A) How the stage or discharge of a river varies over time B) The highest discharges or stages for rivers over a period of time C) The amount of rainfall an area receives D) The stage or discharge of a river at a particular time E) Size of a river flood 22) Which of the following is NOT information that can be obtained by calculation of a recurrence interval for a flood? A) It can be used to help city planners decide where and where not to build. B) It can be used to make maps along rivers of flood risk. C) It can give homeowners help in making decisions about purchasing flood insurance. D) How often on average floods of certain sizes occur E) Time of day when the maximum floodwaters will occur during a flood event 22) 23) In which of the following environments are flash floods LEAST common? 23) A) Humid environments with large meandering rivers B) Urban environments with poor drainage C) Arid environments with steep slopes D) Higher elevations in a small drainage basin 24) What distinguishes flash floods from downstream floods? 24) A) Flash floods are only common with large rivers, downstream floods generally involve much smaller rivers. B) Flash floods occur in the upper part of a drainage basin, downstream floods occur in the lower part of a drainage basin. C) Flash floods are caused by thunderstorms, downstream floods do not involve lightning and thunder. D) Flash floods don't really involve any danger, downstream floods are extremely dangerous. 25) Does it have to be raining for a river to flood? 25) A) No. Rivers can flood after rain has stopped and tributaries have flowed into bigger streams. B) No. Snow and rain that fall into the river fill it up and cause it to overflow. C) Yes. Rain runs off over the ground and into the river causing flooding. D) No. Rivers can flood during droughts without any rain. E) Yes. Only the rain that falls into the river fills it up and causes it to overflow. 26) Which of the following natural hazards is the number 1 disaster in the United States in terms of lives lost over the past century? A) Volcanoes B) Lightning C) Earthquakes D) Landslides E) Floods 26) 27) Which of the following adverse effects of natural hazards is NOT associated with flooding? 27) A) Economic loss B) Pollution C) Destruction of buildings D) Land upheaval E) Disease 28) Which of the following has the LEAST effect on flood damage? Assume that a moderate amount of development is available for flood damage. A) Speed of the floodwaters B) Geographic region C) People's use of the floodplain D) Flood duration 28) 29) Which statement is FALSE about the effects that floods can have? 29) A) Floods can supply nutrients to soils for farming. B) Floods can bring nutrients to ecosystems. C) Flooding has no positive effects; it is always bad for human interests. D) Floods can clear ecosystems of debris. E) Floods can supply sediments to build up the elevation of land. 30) How would a river in an area changed from forest to farmland react to changes? 30) A) Increased amounts of sediment would decrease the gradient of the stream. B) Decreased amounts of sediment would decrease the gradient of the stream. C) Decreased amounts of sediment would increase the gradient of the stream. D) Increased amounts of sediment would increase the gradient of the stream. E) The change in land use would have no effect on the stream. 31) How would the hydrograph of a large rainstorm change after urbanization of an area? 31) A) The peak of the hydrograph would become higher and narrower. B) The hydrograph would become a straight line. C) The peak of the hydrograph would become lower and wider. D) The peak of the hydrograph would become lower and narrower. E) The peak of the hydrograph would become higher and wider. 32) Which of the following is NOT an example of how urbanization influences a river or stream? 32) A) Urbanization decreases rainwater infiltration into the ground and therefore increases the magnitude of floods. B) Urbanization increases rainstorm frequency and therefore increases the frequency of floods. C) Urbanization decreases rainwater infiltration into the ground and therefore increases the frequency of floods. D) Urbanization decreases flood lag time by the network of street sewers. 33) If you are standing in the middle of a river and look at either side, you might see tall earthen hills. What are they and what do they do? A) They are drains and they drain water to the city. B) They are cutbanks and they hold in water. C) They are dams and let water out slowly. D) They are levees and they hold in floodwaters. 33) 34) Does channelization of a stream completely prevent flooding? 34) A) Yes. However, it is not necessarily good for habitats. B) No. It increases flooding. C) Yes. It is the best solution for flooding and it has no drawbacks. D) No. Nothing can prevent flooding, E) No one actually knows because channelization of a stream has never been applied to the real world. 35) What is the greatest hazard to people in a flash flood? 35) A) Houses and other buildings being carried away B) People driving into floods and being carried away C) Fires D) Sediment deposits E) Erosion of farmland 36) Which homes built on the floodplain are most likely to sustain the greatest damage? 36) A) Houses within the 100 year floodplain but outside the 20 year floodplain B) Houses within the 20 year floodplain C) Houses outside of the floodplain D) All houses within the floodplain have an equal chance to sustain similar amounts of flood damage. 37) Which of the following are things that you should NOT do in preparing for a flood? 37) A) Make a flood plan with members of your household. B) Buy flood insurance. C) Find out how to turn off utilities in the event of a flood. D) Make a flood kit and place it in your basement. E) Place sandbags to block water from entering doors. 38) What should you do during a flood? 38) A) Wade into the water to see how deep it really is. B) Go to a bridge and watch the water rise. C) Move to higher ground away from the river. D) Swim across water to a safer location. E) Drive your car through water to get to safety.

Explanation / Answer

21. C) The amount of rainfall an area receives

Hydrograph gives the information for specific point in a river.

22.E) Time of day when the maximum floodwaters will occur during a flood event

23.A) Humid environments with large meandering rivers

24)B) Flash floods occur in the upper part of a drainage basin, downstream floods occur in the lower part of a drainage basin

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