Soil and Environment AGSC-203 Homework the following soil orders from the least

Question

Soil and Environment AGSC-203 Homework the following soil orders from the least to the most highly weathered: Oxisols, Alfisols, Mollisolls, Entisols, and Inceptisols. 2)What is the principal soil property by which Ultisols differ from Alfisols? Inceptisols from Entisols? 3) To which soil order does each of the following belong: Psamments Fragiudalfs Udolls Haplustox Argids, Udepts, and Calciusterts._ 4) Name the soil taxonomy category and discuss the engineering implications of these soil taxonomy classes Aquic Paleudults, Haplusterts, Turbels Fragiudults, Saprists_ 5) Define the following: Epipedon Fragipan: Argilic Vertisols, Mollisols, Oxisols

Explanation / Answer

ANSWER 1) Alfisols,Entisols,Inceptisols,mollisols and oxisols. this is the list of soils from least to highly weathered soils .

ANSWER 2)Ultisols are strongly leached and acidic forest soils with relatively low Fertility.they are found primarily in humid temperate and tropical areas of the world,typically on older, stable landscapes. Intense weathering of primary minerals has occured and much calcium (Ca) magnesium(Mg) ,and Potassium(k) hasbeen leached fromthese soils.Ultisols have a subsurface horizon in which clays have accumulated, oftenwith strong yellowish or reddish colours resulting fromthe presence of iron oxides.The red clay soil of the United State are eg: of Ultisols.It occupy about 8.1% of the global ice- free land area and support 18% of the world's population.They are dominant soils of much of the Southereastern U.S.A and occupy 902% of the total U.S land area.Because of the favourable climate regimes in which they are typically found ,Ultisols often support productive forests.The high acidity and relatively low qualities of the plant aviable Ca,Mg,and K associated with most Ultisols make them poorly suited for continuous agriculture without the use of fertilizer and lime. With these inputs ,however ,Ultisols can be very productive.Ultisols are divided into5 suborder; Aquults,Humults, Ustults, and Xerults.

ALFISOLS on the otherhand , are moderately leached soils that have high native fertility.These soils are formed primarily under forest and have a subsurface horizon in which clays have accumulated.Alfisols are found mostly in temperate humid and sub humid regions of the world.Alfisols occupy 10.1% of the global ice-free land area .In U.S.A they account for 13.9% of the land area.Alfisols support about 17% of the world;s population.The combination of generally favourable climate and high native fertility allows Alfisols to be productive soils for both agriculture and silvicultural use.Alfisola are divided into 5 sub-order ; Aqualfs,cryalfs,Udalfs,Ustalfs and xeralfs. INCEPTISOLS AND ENTISOLS

Inceptisols are soils that exhibits minimal horizon development.They are more developed than Entisols but still lack the features that are characteristics of other soil order.Inceptisols soils are widely distributed abd occur under awide range of ecological settings.They are fairly found on steep slopes,young geomorphic surfaces, and resistant parent materials.A sizeable percentage of this soil are found in mountainous areas and are used for forestry, recreation,and watershed.Inceptisols occupy an estimate 15% of the global ice free land area.Only the Entisols are more extensive. In U.S.A they occupy 9.7% of the land area. Inceptisols supports about 20%of the world;s population, the largest percentage of any of the soil orders.Inceptisols are divided into 7 sub order- Aquepts, Anthrepts,gelepts,cryepts,ustepts xerepts and udepts.

Entisols soils are of recent origin.The central concept is that these soils developed in inconsolidated parent material with uaually no genetic horizonsexcept an A horizon.All soils that do not fit into one of the 11 orders are entisols.Thus, they are characterised by great diversity ,both in environment setting and land use.they are found in steep ,rocky settings.However if found on river valley s are then used for crop cuktivation and support millions of people.Globally they occupy 18% of the land. and ice free area.In U.S it occupy 12.3% of the area.Entisols are diveded into 6 sub type; Wassents, aquents,arents, psamments, fluvents and orthents.

ANSWER 3)Psamment belongs to Entisols soil catigory.    6)haplustox belongs to

2)udoll belongs to mollisols soil 7)calciusterts

3)Argid belongs to aridisols

4)udepts belongs inceptisols

5)fragiudalfs belongs to

define following-----Epipedon ---a horizon that forms near the soil surface.

fragipan---is a diagnostic horizon in USDA soil taxonomy. they are altered subsurface soil layers that restrict water flow and root penetratiopn. argilic------is hydrothermal altertion of wall rock which introduces clay minerals including kaolinite,smectite and illite.The process generally occur at low temperatue and may occur in atmospheric conditions.    vertisols----A clayey soil with little organic matter which occurs in regions having distinct wet and dry seasons. mollisols------a soil of an order comprising temperate grassland soils with a dark , humus -rich surface layer containing high concentration of calcium and magnesium.    spodosols-----a soil of an order characterized by a spodic horizon and including ,most podsols.    oxisols-------a soil of an order comprising stable , highly weathed,tropical minerals soils with highly oxidized subsurface horizons.    answer 4)------aquic paleudults----it is a member of Paleudult great group.,the udult suborder,and the ultisol order.this is a weathered soil with B horizion that has an accumulation of clay and is low in fertility.    2) haplusterts-----

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