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1. Refute or support the following statement: \"Fermentation is a form of anaero

ID: 152177 • Letter: 1

Question

1. Refute or support the following statement: "Fermentation is a form of anaerobic respiration." Please explain your choice. 2. An Escherichia coli culture is fermenting glucose.Think about the conditions needed for fermentation to "occur" in a culture tube. a. What would happen if the same culture is subsequently exposed to oxygen? Which metabolism would now be utilized and why? b. What would happen if nitrate or sulfate is supplied to the fermenting culture? Which metabolism would now be utilized and why?

Explanation / Answer

1) Cells of an organism required energy for their function. In the absence of energy cell will die. So, organism need to continue supply energy to the cells. Energy can be derived by cellular respiration & fermentation. Cellular respiration can be of two types- aerobic (In presence of oxygen) & anaerobic (In absence of oxygen). Both aerobic & anaerobic respiration utilize electron transport chain to generate energy. In case of aerobic respiration final electron acceptor is oxygen whereas in case anaerobic respiration it is other than oxygen. So, they differ in final electron acceptor. Fermentation doesn't utilize electron transport chain, rather it uses additional steps after glycolysis. Also fermentation can occur in low amount of oxygen whereas anaerobic respiration occur in the absence of oxygen. So, though both in fermentation & anaerobic respiration first step is glycolysis & doesn't occurs in presence of large amount of oxygen they are different process. So, we refute the statement.

2. a) Aerobic respiration or respiration in presence of oxygen is more efficient than fermentation due to the fact that it produces more net ATP than fermentation. So, when E. coli culture is exposed to oxygen it will undergo aerobic respiration.

b) When nitrate or sulfate is added to the medium, E. coli cells can utilize these as a final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain to undergo anaerobic respiration. As cellular respiration is more favorable than fermentation, so anaerobic metabolism will occur.

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