Difference between each of the vaccines : -recombinant subunits - peptides - liv

Question

Difference between each of the vaccines :
-recombinant subunits - peptides - live vectors - reassortant viruses - naked DNA - edible transgenic plants for viral proteins
Difference between each of the vaccines :
-recombinant subunits - peptides - live vectors - reassortant viruses - naked DNA - edible transgenic plants for viral proteins
Difference between each of the vaccines :
-recombinant subunits - peptides - live vectors - reassortant viruses - naked DNA - edible transgenic plants for viral proteins

Explanation / Answer

Answer: recombinant subunit vaccines: The vaccine produced by recombinant DNA protein or by the protein produced by recombinant DNA technology is called as subunit vaccine.So here we do not insert whole organism or its DNA part in attenuated or killed form but we only use the protein part of organism which code for particular proteins that show immunogenic responce. This technique is more specific then to attenuated form vaccine Pollysaccharide vaccines for meningitis and pneumonia is prepared and are in use now a days.

Live vectors: It is the conventional vaccination process where whole pathogenic organism is used for vaccination . The pathogen can br injucted in either of two forms as 1.Live Vaccines 2.Inactivated pathogen. In this form the pathogen are imprised in unfavourable condition so they loose there pathogenesity but intact its transient growth.

For example: microbacterium bovis( BCG vaccine) where the pathogenic form of mycobacterium is transferred into the increasing con. Of bile, so after 13 years they loose their pathogenicity.

In live vaccine the pathogen is taken inside in its attenuated form that is the virulence of pathogen is greatly reduced but not killed here ( just like coma stage). Live vaccines are generally based on cultured animal cells, so this method is expensive then to inactivated (killed) vaccine process.

Reassortant viruses: Influenza viruses contain single stranded RNAgenome which have special property of segmentation . its segments split in to eight segments as in the case of Retroviruses.

The segmented nature of these genome allows RNAsegments to be exchanged between viruses by the process called as reassortment. These have characteristics to act as new species.

There are two mechanisms for recombinant protein to act as vaccine:

Naked DNA: It is the type of DNA vaccine where gene itself is used as a vaccine in its naked form by the different tools used for gene transfer technique. Here the gene encoding the relevant immunogenic protein is isolated cloned and then integrated into the expression vector. Now this preparation is introduced into individual to be immunized so it is a type of recombinant DNAtechnology.

Edible Vaccine: The process of production of edible vaccine is genetic transformation. There are two methods of genetic transformation as vector mediated( by agrobacterium) and by direct means( by gene gun , lipofection or by chemical method) . here we introduce the antigen in a plant generally the plant chosen which we use in its raw form to eat. The plant here act as bioreactor. So here basically a gene is transferred into a plant , the plant produces a food and when we eat that food our body produces the antibody against antigen which is introduced in plant. This method is very simple, inexpensive and less toxic also.It is needle free intake method of vaccination as we have to just eat it as food form.

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