can someone help identify these please: 1. dependent variable (with units) 2. In

Question

can someone help identify these please:

1. dependent variable (with units)

2. Independent variable (with units)

3. Sample unit (“individuals” sampled)

4. Sample frame (how “individuals” picked)

5 number of sample units sampled (total)

6 “repeesentative” asurances

Abstract BACKGROUND: Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne infection in some temperate regions of the Northem Hemisphere. However, for most areas of endemic disease reliable epidemiologic data are sparse METHODS: Over a one-year period, we conducted a prospective, population-based survey of cases of Lyme disease in southen Sweden. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of erythema migrans at least 5 cm in diameter or characteristic clinical manifestations such as arthritis, neuroborreliosis, and carditis. RESULTS: We identified 1471 patients with Lyme disease, for an overall annual incidence of 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence varied markedly according to geographic region, and there were several areas where disease was widely prevalent. The incidence varied according to age, with the highest rates among people 5 to 9 and 60 to 74 years of age, but not according to sex. The most frequent clinical manifestation was erythema migrans (seen in 77 percent of all cases), followed by neuroborreliosis (16 percent) and arthritis (7 percent). Carditis was rare. A preceding tick bite was reported by 79 percent of the patients. Bites in the head and neck region were more common among children than among adults and were associated with an increased risk of neuroborreliosis. CONCLUSIONS: Lyme disease is very common in southern Sweden, with a relatively high frequency of neurologic complications and arthritis. With the exception of the low incidence of carditis, the pattern of disease we found in Sweden was similar to that reported in the United States.

Explanation / Answer

1. Dependent variable- age. unit- years

The disease incidence depended on the age of the person wih maximum incidences in certain age groups.

2. Independent variable- Sex. unit- male or female.

The disease incidence did not depend on sex of the person.

3. Sample unit (“individuals” sampled)

-69 cases per 100,000 people were affected roughly

4. Sample frame (how “individuals” picked)

people having Lyme disease in Southern Sweden

5. number of sample units sampled (total)

1471 patients

6. “representative” assurances

The disease is not self-curable and gets transmitted through a vector.

The disease has various symptoms.

The disease is like the one occuring in America.

7. analysis used for main question

The disease was analyzed in both the countries using appropriate data, patients and methods.

It was found that the pattern of disease in both the countries was the same, except low incidence of carditis.

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