The crater was created by the impact of a meteorite of estimated 5.0×108 kg mass

Question

The crater was created by the impact of a meteorite of estimated 5.0×108 kg mass. The meteorite's speed before impact was about 1.0×104 m/s . Large amounts of rock found near the crater appeared to have melted on impact and then solidified as it cooled, indicating that the temperature of the rock during impact reached at least 1700 C, the melting temperature of the rock. Take 3300 kg/m3 meteorite density; 840 J/kgC specific heat for the solid meteorite; 2.7 × 105J/kg heat of fusion, the same as that of iron; 1000 J/kgC specific heat for the liquid meteorite, the same as that of iron; and 6.4× 106J/kg heat of vaporization, the same as for iron.

A) Determine the initial kinetic energy of the meteroite.

B) Determine the gravitational potential energy change. The mass of the Earth is 5.98×1024kg.

Explanation / Answer

kinetic energy = 0.5 * mv^2

initial kinetic energy = 0.5 * 5 * 10^8 * (1 * 10^4)^2

initial kinetic energy = 2.5 * 10^16 J

gravitational potential energy = -G * m1 * m2 / r

where

r = initial height of the meteorite

change in gravitational potential energy = - 1.996 * 10^23 / r

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