18. Below is the description on the use of vector for gene therapy. Fill in the

Question

18. Below is the description on the use of vector for gene therapy. Fill in the blank. (4pt) "The success of gene therapy has largely been driven by improvements in non-viral vectors. Among them, cationic liposome technology is forg of amphipathic lipids, possessing a and viral gene transfer gene therapy and based on the ability charged head group and a hydrophobic lipid tail, to bind to charged DNA or RNA and form particles that generally enter cells by" 19, Below is the description on the DNA sequencing by pyrosequencing. Fill in the blank. (10pt) "Pyrosequencing technique is based on sequencing by-synthesis principle and on the detection of released Puctchrephule during DNA synthesis. It employs a series of four enzymes to accurately detect nucleic acid sequences during the synthesis. In Pyrosequencing the sequencing primer is hybridized to a single-stranded DNA biotin-labeled template and mixed with the enzymes; DNA polymerase, ATP sulfurylase, luciferase and apyrase, and the substrates adenosine 5' phosphosulfate (APS) and luciferin. Cycles of four are separately added to the reaction mixture iteratively. The cascade starts with a nucleic acid is released as a result of nucleotide incorporation by by to oxyluciferin in the presence of enzymeproducing visible light in amounts that are proportional to the amount of ATPs. The light is then detected by a photon detection device such as a charge coupled device (CCD) is a nucleotide-degrading enzyme, which continuously degrades ATP and non-incorporated dNTPs in the reaction mixture. There is a certain time interval (usually 65 seconds) between each nucleotide dispensation to allow complete degradation. For this reason, dNTP addition is performed one at a time. Because the added nucleotide is known, the sequence of the template can polymerization reaction in which inorganic polymerase. Subsequently the released is quantitatively converted to in the presence ofwhich drives the conversion of camera or photomultiplier. be determined"

Explanation / Answer

Answer (18):- The success of gene therapy has largely been driven by improvement in non-viral and viral gene transfer vectors. Among tham, cationic liposome technology is for---non-viral--gene therapy and besed on the ability of amphipathic lipids, possessing a---positively----charge head group and a hydrophobic lipid tail, to bind to----Negatively----charged DNA or RNA and form particles that generally enters cells by----endocytosis.

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