Article: Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread

Question

Article: Basal forebrain degeneration precedes and predicts the cortical spread of Alzheimer’s pathology

https://bbl.westfield.ma.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-1058990-dt-content-rid-12869706_1/courses/wsu_BIOL0333001_2018fall/Alzheimers.pdf

-Please do not use direct quotes from the article-

2. Hypotheses:

a) What are the hypotheses? (list all hypotheses proposed)

b) Is the reasoning behind the hypotheses explained? What is the logic behind each hypothesis?

3. Introduction:

a) Does the introduction provide appropriate background for the study? Why or why not?

b) Is the introduction missing useful information that would have been helpful? If so, explain. For example, did you have to look up any additional information?

c) Is the relevance of the work clear? What is the relevance of the work?

4. Methods:  

a) Summarize the methods that were used.

b) Were the methods appropriate? {Was this the best way to test the          hypotheses? Were there problems with the methodology (if so          describe them)?}

5. Analysis:

a) Were there any problems with the data analysis, including use of statistics?

b) Did the authors present quantitative data in a clear way (use of graphs/tables)?

6. Your OWN assessment of the results:

a) List YOUR conclusions from the DATA presented?

b) Do you feel that the author's conclusions are reasonable and justified? If there are any problems with the author’s conclusions, explain them.

c) Does the author ignore any aspects of the results?

7. Discussion:

a) Did the authors compare their results with previous published papers? If so, provide at least 1 example.

b) Are the implications of the results properly discussed (how do these results relate back to the “big picture” of what is being studied)?   What are the implications?

c) Are the conclusions clearly stated? If so, what are they?

d) In addition to what the authors discussed, what further studies would YOU find interesting to pursue?

8. Abstract (if there is one):

  a) Does the Abstract really give an appropriate summary of the paper?

Explanation / Answer

2)

Hypothesis-

a) all hypothesis proposed includes-

1) they tried fo find out the origin of AD whether it started in basal forebrain or entorhinal cortex.

2) Are basal forebrain and entorhinal cortex volume decrese are dependent on each other and one drives the other.

3) To find out the sequence of degeneration of NbM(nucleus baselis of Maynert ) and EC(ectorhinal cortex) at different stages of the disease.

b) the logic behind the first hypothesis was to determine the AD pathophysiology , the sequence of events that are occuring during the disease onset and progression so that the those areas where the onset occurs can be staged properly and targeted.

3) The introduction provided important background for the study because in the introduction the technical details and terminologies are explained, otherwise to read this article without knowing those terms and details will be quite tough.

b) The introduction is lacking certain key details such as limbic cell groups, amygdala,

c) The work was relevant to find out the interdependence between both these changes to find out more detail information the steps involved in AD pathology, that will help in staging the disease progression by observing these changes.

4 A) methods involved in this are -

Use of biomarker of AD to find out the sequence of degeneration of NbM and EC

high resolution MRI for neuroimaging of the participants

Longitudinal Voxel Based morphometry analysis

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