week 4 assignment Color Changes - for this week\'s assignment , please answer ea
ID: 1490648 • Letter: W
Question
week 4 assignment Color Changes - for this week's assignment , please answer each of the following question/prompts, and post them to the drop box as a single document.
1. what three particles make up every atom?
2. what are the major differences among the three particles that make up every atom?
3. what is the relationship between a photon and a quantum leap?
4. using the periodic table, determine the result of the following calculation:the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom minus the number of elections in the outer shell of a helium atom plus the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom.
5 when is an electron a valence electron? why are valence electrons especially important in chemical reactions?
6. Are the following substances acid, base, or neutral:
1. sodium bicarbonate [ph=8.3]:
2. Blood [ph=7.4];
3. milk [ph=6.7];
4. orange juice [ph=3.6];
5. milk of magnesia [ph =10.5];
7. when your body metabolizes the food you eat, are are the chemical reactions endothermic or exothermic?
8. when a chemical reaction reaction takes place, it is noted that the temperature in the environment of the reaction drops. is the chemical reaction endothermic or exothermic?
9. why dose ice float when placed? what roles do hydrogen bonding plan in this phenomena?
10. what information does the octane rating of a fuel provide? when is a fuel with a high ocane rating necessary?
Explanation / Answer
1. What three particles make up every atom?
Answer:
Electron- negatively charged
Proton-positively charged
Neutron_electrically neutral
2. What are the major differences among the three particles that make up every atom?
Answer:
• The electron, the proton and the neutron are the "building blocks" of the atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge (p+), and neutrons which have about the same mass, are electrically neutral, or have no electrical charged (n0). Electrons, which are much less massive than protons - only about 1/1836th as heavy - have a negative electrical charge (e-). All atoms are made of protons, neutrons and electrons, though most hydrogen (1H1) has just the proton in its nucleus and a lone electron in orbit.
3. What is the relationship between a photon and a quantum leap?
Answer:
• When a quantum leap occurs, a single photon is emitted.
4. Using the periodic table, determine the result of the following calculation: the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom minus the number of electrons in the outer shell of a helium atom plus the number of electrons in the outer shell of a hydrogen atom.
Answer:
• 8 electrons, minus 2 for the first orbital, second orbital will have 6 making them valence
5. When is an electron a valence electron? Why are valence electrons especially important in chemical reactions?
Answer:
• When it is on the very outside level away from the nucleus
A valence electron is one that occupies the highest energy level for any electron in a particular neutral atom.
• Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom — in the energy level that is farthest away from the nucleus. When chemists study chemical reactions, they study the transfer or sharing of electrons.
6. Are the following substances acid, base, or neutral:
sodium bicarbonate (pH = 8.3): Neutral
Blood (pH = 7.4):Neutral
milk (pH =6.7): Neutral
orange juice (pH = 3.6): Acid
milk of magnesia (pH = 10.5): Base
7.when your body metabolizes the food you eat, are are the chemical reactions endothermic or exothermic?
Answer:
it is exothermic reaction because Digestion of food involves the release of energy that your body can then use
8. when a chemical reaction reaction takes place, it is noted that the temperature in the environment of the reaction drops. is the chemical reaction endothermic or exothermic?
Answer:
This chemical reactio is endothermic because temperature dropped
9. why dose ice float when placed? what roles do hydrogen bonding plan in this phenomena?
Answer:
Water is less dense in its frozen, solid form than in its liquid state. This is unusual, as most substances are denser when frozen. The reason water ice is less dense than liquid water is that water is a polar molecule held together by the hydrogen bonds between the single O and two H atoms. This bonding results in O having an effective positive charge, and the two Hs effective negative charges. Opposite charges attract, so the water molecules are attracted to each other. When the water freezes, however, it solidifies into a crystal structure that keeps the like-charged O atoms well separated, hence slightly less densely packed than when a liquid.
10. what information does the octane rating of a fuel provide? when is a fuel with a high ocane rating necessary?
Answer:
Octane, C8H18, is one of the light hydrocarbons, and is present in gasoline. The octane rating of gasoline is a measure of the quantity of a particular octane isomer, iso-octane, in the gas. Iso-octane helps prevent the fuel from spontaneously igniting under pressure, allowing it to be compressed and ignited in a controlled fashion. Engine “knocking” occurs when the fuel spontaneously ignites before being sparked. This is why highoctane fuel is useful in engines that are knocking, or for high performance gasoline engines.
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