Biology 201. Homework. Nucleic Acids. 1. Explain how nucleotides are enzymatical
ID: 148984 • Letter: B
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Biology 201. Homework. Nucleic Acids. 1. Explain how nucleotides are enzymatically linked together during nucleic acid synthesis. Identify the specific carbons on the sugars that are involved. 2. What do we mean when we say that DNA has an "antiparallel structure"? WHY does DNA have this structure? 3. Provide a concise definition for a "gene". 4. If both strands of a DNA molecule were labeled with radioactive atoms, and if the DNA replicated during the formation of new cells, each of the two new cells would have exactly half the radiation of the original cell. Explain this observation? 5. Only one on the two antiparallel strands for each gene contains information and is therefore transcribed. Why then is DNA double stranded? How does the RNA polymerase enzyme responsible for transcription know which of the two DNA strands to transcribe? A molecule of DNA is typically much longer than a strand of RNA. based on the difference in function for the two molecules 6. Explain this 7. DNA codes for proteins. But we've learned that there are other types of biological molecules besides proteins. Why doesn't DNA code directly for them as well? Why is it enough to code only for proteins? 8. If a particular DNA molecule consisted of 28% guaninocontaining nucleotides, what percentages of nucleotides would contain adenine, cytosine, and thymine? 9. A stretch of DNA has the following sequence; 5'-GTAATCGTAGCTTAC-3'. What would the complementary DNA strapd be? Be certain to label the 5' and 3' end, and to remember that nucleic acids are alvays drawn in the 5' to 3' direction. Then provide the mRNA that would be transcribed from this DNA, also indicating the 5 and 3'ends of the RNA molecule. 10. You hear someone say: "DNA produces the proteins in any cell". What is wrong with this statement? Rewrite it into a factual statement.Explanation / Answer
Answer: DNA is a polynucleotide structure which is made up of pentose sugar+ nitrogenous bases( adenine,guianine,thyamine and cytosine). by the structure there is always nitrogenou6s base at first position and phosphate is attached at fifth carbon position.nitrogenou6s bases are attached by glycosidic bond while phosphate is here attached to other pentose sugar by phosphodiester bond.
as in the carbon number third there is free functional group (free OH group) so next nucleotide is going to attach at third carbon atom. here A pair with T by two hydrogen bonds and G pair withC by three hydrogen bonds.
Answer2:Dna is double stranded structure as discribed by Wetson and Crick. the two strands are antiparallel which means that if the first nucleotide has functional free at its third carbon position and the phosphate is free at its third position so here the formation of phosphodiester bond takes place if we look at other side then fifth carbon is free. so at the upper end the fifth carbon is free and at the lower end of same strand it is third carbon position free .now if we look to second strand the lower end gave its fifth carbon phosphoric acid is free while at the lower end of same strand its third prime is free. so we can say that strands are antiparallel to each other. DNA have this structure so that it can perform base pairing to form the chain of polynucleotide that is nucleic acid structure.
Answer3: Gene is the smallest unit of heridity / gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function. Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes. All living organisms are consisting various genes. Genes are a set of instructions that determine what the organism is like, its appearance, how it survives, and how it behaves in its environment (as Genes are made of a substance called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA that give instructions for a living being to make molecules called proteins).
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