Ecology! Please explain the answer and what about the other options why they are

Question

Ecology! Please explain the answer and what about the other options why they are wrong! Also, for question 5 show me how you do the calculation! 1. The figures above represent ranges for two species (black and white); gray indicates where the ranges of the two species overlap. Which of the following correctly matches the figures with the correct terms? (a) A: allopatry; B: parapatry; C: sympatry (b) A: allopatry; B: sympatry; C: parapatry (c) A: parapatry; B: sympatry; C:allopatry (d) A: parapatry: B: allopatry; C: sympatry (e) A: sympatry; B: parapatry; C: allopatry 19 Corolla flare (mm) 2. Given the graph above, and assuming that corolla flare (flower width) is heritable, what type of response to selection should occur? (a) Directional (b) Stabilizing (c) Disruptive (d) Frequency-dependent 3. What is not necessary for natural selection to produce evolutionary change? (a). Variation for the trait in question (b). Heritability of the trait in question (c). Dominance for the genes involved (d). Some phenotypes having higher survival &/or reproduction than others

Explanation / Answer

Answer: (d) A: Parapatry, B: Allopatry, C: Sympatry

Explanation:

The figure shows the different types of speciation.

Speciation: it is the process by which new species emerge from existing specifies. Speciation may occur by following means:

Allopatric speciation: In this type, the existing population divided into two different sub-population due to the geographical isolation. These two sub-population undergone different environmental conditions and shaped by natural selection. Given time of evolutionary scale, they become entirely different species. Example: Divergence of drosophila population in Hawaiian archipelago islands.

Sympatric speciation: In this type, the existing population divided into two different sub-population due to the ecological isolation. The two sub-population remained in same area but in different habitat. These two sub-population undergone different environmental conditions and shaped by natural selection. Given time of evolutionary scale, they become entirely different species. Example: Maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella habitat on apple tree.

Parapatric speciation: In this type, the existing population divided into two different sub-population due to the niche isolation. The two sub-population remained in same habitat but choose different niche to reduce competition. These two sub-population undergone different environmental conditions and shaped by natural selection. Given time of evolutionary scale, they become entirely different species. Example: Agrostis tenuis grass span mine tailings and normal soils.

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