HCl consists of one H and Cl atom separated by 0.127 nm, the bond length. The Cl

Question

HCl consists of one H and Cl atom separated by 0.127 nm, the bond length. The Cl atom has a partial charge of -0.177e and the H atom has a partial charge of +0.177e, where e = 1.602x10-19 C is the electron charge.

I know dipole moment =3.59e-30 C*m

A) Now the HCl molecule is placed near a sodium ion Na+ with charge +1e. As shown in the figure, the distance between the Cl and Na atoms is d = 0.6 nm.

What is the magnitude of the total force on the HCl molecule due to the Na+ ion |FHCl|?

B) Compare your previous answer to the force on a single Cl- ion with charge -1e due to the Na+ ion 0.6 nm away.

What is the ratio of the force on the Cl- ion to the force on the HCl molecule |FCl-/FHCl|?

Explanation / Answer

HCl is neutral, so Na will exert attractive force on Cl and repulsive force on H

charge on Na= +1 e

charge on Cl = - 0.177 e

charge on hydrogen = +0.177e

Net force on HCL = k(+1e x - 0.177e)/ (0.6 x 10^-9)^2 + k( +1e x 0.177e)/ ( 0.133 x 10^-9)^2 = + 2.167 x 10^-9 N apprx

b) force on cl = k( +1e x -1 e)/ (0.6 x 10^-9)^2= 63.3 x 10^-20 N apprx

ratio =  63.3 x 10^-20 / 2.167 x 10^-9 = 29.2 x 10^-11 apprx

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