instructions INFECTIOUS DISEASE CASE STUDY 9: Meningitis Ricky, a 16-year old wh
ID: 148813 • Letter: I
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instructions INFECTIOUS DISEASE CASE STUDY 9: Meningitis Ricky, a 16-year old white male was brought by ambulance to the emergency room of a community hospital at approximately 10:00 p.m. He was agitated and incoherest. According to his parents, he had complained that moraing at breakfast of muscle aches, tiredness, and lack of appetire. When he vomined his breakfist soon affer eating, his tmother kept him home from sehool, suspecting influenza, which had been going around the community for a couple of weeks. Daring the day, be had a severe headache and a midafreruoon rise in temperature to 103 3°F. In the evening, Ricky became extremely ngitated, began to mutter in an iscohereur fashion, aad aas totally disoriented. His tmother consulted the plysiciaa and called the ambulatory sanice. Brief physical esamination is the ecnergeacy room revealed a temperature of L00.8 F and a blood pressure of 150 60 mm Hs. The patient was failing about in a violent manner. His neck was stiff aud even a stiall degree of dorsiflesicn was impossible and a positive Kernig's siga was notedExplanation / Answer
Answer 1:
Three most common bacteria responsible for the Bacterial Meningitis accounting for approximately 80% cases are 1) Hemophilus influenzae (type B), 2) Streptococcus pneumoniae and 3) Neisseria meningitidis. They generally infect patients in winters. Apart from these bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Entero, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes are also responsible for the infection, especially in newborn and children.
Answer 2:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common causative agent of Bacterial Meningitis. It accounts for maximum reported cases which may vary from 46% to 56%.
Answer 3:
Highest mortality rate is associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae, which can range from 17-25%. It should be noted that there are several different reports with different data of mortality.
Answer 4.
a. Statement no. 1 is correct. To detect Bacterial Meningitis, we need a sample of cerebrospinal fluid which can be obtained by spinal tap. Therefore statement 1 is correct.
b. Statement no. 2 is not correct. Bacterial responsible for Bacterial Meningitis are mostly resistant towards penicillin, especially Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is the most common cause of this disease.
c. Statement no. 3 is correct. Bacterial Meningitis can be prevented by immunization. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (age < 2) and Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (for adults) is the recommended immunization.
d. Statement no. 4 is correct. The pathogenicity of Hemophilus influenzae (type B), Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis is attributed to the capsule present on them.
e. Statement no. 5 is correct. Bacterial Meningitis is a life-threatening disorder. As soon as this disorder is suspected, the therapy with antibiotics should be started.
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