A) You are on a workstation in Hawaii. How will you go about discovering a novel
ID: 148071 • Letter: A
Question
A) You are on a workstation in Hawaii. How will you go about discovering a novel organism with anti-bacterial properties? B) How will you use the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to treat bacterial infections? C) How will you exploit the lack of operon to make a novel bacterial protein? D) When and why will you use bacteriostatic versus bactericidal antibiotics? E) How will you exploit the features of a plasmid for making a vaccine or any other product that can be used commercially? F) What are the Mechanisms that lead to anti-bacterial resistance in microbes? G) You are looking at a smear of blood from a dog's ear. How will you go about diagnosing what infection your dog has? H) Connect the functions of bacterial structures to its environment. (Soil, plant, cell.....Explanation / Answer
A) From a whole genome or metagenome shotgun sequencing of an organism, I'll assemble the reads into contigs, then I'll perform gene prediction from the assembled contigs. If the contigs found to contain any gene with anti-bacterial properties (after annotation), then taxonomic assignment of the contigs will be performed upto genus or species level.
B) To treat bacterial infections, I'll apply some drugs which will inhibit cell wall synthesis of the prokaryotic bacteria, but will not affect the Eukaryotic host (as they don't have cell wall), or drugs that will bind to prokaryotic ribosomes only, to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis.
C) If there is no operon present, I can make a novel bacterial protein after analysing the bacterial gene sequences only; but if there is an operon present, then the protein may affect expression of any gene in that operon or may bind to regulatory elements within that operon.
D) Bacteriostatic antibiotics stop or inhibit growth of bacteria wihout killing them, and bacteriocidal antibiotics actually kill bacteria by some mechanism. So I'll use bacteriocidal antibiobiotics if I detect any unwanted, harmful bacteria present in our body. But there are also many helpful commensal bacteria in our body, and if their abundance increases rapidly then they are also harmful. In such circumstances, I'll apply bacteriostatic antibiotics to stop their growth inside body.
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