12. The following nucleotide sequence is found on the template strand of DNA. Fi

Question

12. The following nucleotide sequence is found on the template strand of DNA. First, determine the amino acids of the protein encoded by this sequence by using the genetic code. Then, give the altered amino acid sequence of the protein that will be found in each of the following mutations. Sequence of DNA template: 3'-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5 24 Nucleotide number (a) Mutant 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 (b) Mutant 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 (c) Mutant 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 (d) Mutant 4: AT- A transversion at nucleotide 15 (e) Mutant 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6

Explanation / Answer

Ans.

mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acid sequence: Amino–Met Thr Gly Asn Gln Leu Tyr Stop–Carboxyl

a. Mutant 1: A transition at nucleotide 11 The transition results in the substitution of Ser for Asn. original sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mutated sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TCA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GGC AGU CAA CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acids: Amino–Met Thr Gly Ser Gln Leu Tyr Stop–Carboxyl

b. Mutant 2: A transition at nucleotide 13 The transition results in the formation of a UAA nonsense codon. original sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mutated sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA ATT GAT ATA ACT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GGC AAU UAA CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acid sequence: Amino–Met Thr Gly Asn STOP–Carboxyl

c. Mutant 3: A one-nucleotide deletion at nucleotide 7 The one-nucleotide deletion results in a frameshift mutation. original sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mutated sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CGT TAG TTG ATA TAA CT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GCA GUC AAC UAU AUU GA–3' amino acids: Amino–Met Thr Ala Ile Asn Tyr Ile –Carboxyl

d. Mutant 4: A T to A transversion at nucleotide 15 The transversion results in the substitution of His for Gln in the protein. original sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mutated sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTA GAT ATA ACT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GGC AAU CAU CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acids: Amino–Met Thr Gly Asn His Leu Tyr Stop–Carboxyl ormutated sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTG GAT ATA ACT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC GGC AAU CAC CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acids: Amino–Met Thr Gly Asn His Leu Tyr Stop–Carboxyl

e. Mutant 5: An addition of TGG after nucleotide 6 The addition of the three nucleotides results in the addition of Thr to the amino acid sequence of the protein. original sequence: 3'–TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mutated sequence:3'–TAC TGG TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT–5' mRNA sequence: 5'–AUG ACC ACC GGC AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA–3' amino acids: Amino–Met Thr Thr Gly Asn Gln Leu Tyr Stop–Carboxyl.

F.Mutant 5.f)The protein retains the original amino acid sequence.

Original sequence: 3'-TAC TGG CCG TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5'

Mutated sequence: 3'-TAC TGG CCA TTA GTT GAT ATA ACT-5'

mRNA Sequence: 5'-AUG ACC GGU AAU CAA CUA UAU UGA -3'

Amino acids: Amino-Met Thr Gly Asn Gln Leu Tyr-Carboxyl.

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