Part II How Could a Virus Have Entered? Terry considered what she had leamed so

Question

Part II How Could a Virus Have Entered? Terry considered what she had leamed so far. "So the Ebola virus could be inside my cells? But how? How exactly could a virus get inside? It scems to start at the plasma membranI'd e keep reading In the furst step o infection. viral proteins intenact specifically with bost celk Drent 1rases like infiwenza, rabies and eren Ebola cach bave snique gycoproteins on their surfice that bind only sperific receptors on the particular host cells they infert. For cxampe, the inflovenza vis aes the HA hemagglutinin) protein for binding to the best cell receptors on rspiratory epithetial cells. A rabie virus relies on the G protein protruding our of its viral envelope to atach to the hest cell receptors of neurons. Ebola virus es GP o bind to the hes cell recepors on a wide ariey of cells, beginning with the macrophages and dendritic cells of she lymphatic system. Once viruses attach to the bos cell in shs very specific manner, there are three major ways for them so complete the second stage of infection,entry into 1K best cell. The fint is by direct injection o its genome (DNA or RNA) into the host cell at the cell surface. The second is the binding of the virus to the plasma membrane, follewed by the fusion of he vinal envelope with the hoss cell. The third way is for the pirus to bind to the hest cell mewtrane and berome internalized into the host cell via the endocytic pasheay to transfer she rinal geneme (DNA or RNA) into ahe bes This is very strange."she thoughr Questions 1. Why is viral attachment to the host cell specific between one virus and one type of cell 2. List several types of host cells and the associated virus that binds to the host cell. 3. What are three major ways in which a virus enters a host cell to deliver its genome 4. Formulate a hypothesis as to why there is more than one mechanism of viral entry into host cells

Explanation / Answer

1) viral attachemea to host cell is specific bcause each virus have unique glycoproteins on their surface that bond to unique specific receptors on the specific host cell they interact. There must be compatible reaction between host and the virus to enter the host. To occur compatible reaction there must be unique glycoproteins.

2) example: influennza virus uses HA protein to binding to receptors onrespitatory epithelial cell of host.

Rabies virus uses G protein to attach the Receptors on neurons of the host

Ebola uses GP proteins to attach on the Receptors on wide variety of cells including lymphocytes.

3) three major pathways include

A)direct injection into genome either DNA or RNA

B) binding of virus to the plasma membrane followed by fusion of viral envelope with host membrane to transfer Dna

3) endophytic pathway: virus first bind bi plasma membrane and the get entry into the host cell.

4) viruses are the smallest creater which respond quickly to the receptors and they have mainly RNA in the genome which is single stranded and which can interact easily with the receptors and due to their small size they can pass through cell membrane and enter the cell by many ways.

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