T F a) Some of the unique electrical properties of solid-state semiconductor mat

Question

T F a) Some of the unique electrical properties of solid-state semiconductor materials, like silicon, are due to the very regular crystal lattice structure of the material. T F b) At room temperature, electrons in the valence band will freely move about the material and have more energy than those in the conduction band. T F c) In solid silicon, the thermal energy available at room temperature is enough to cause some electrons to move to the conduction band. T F d) Insulator materials have a small bandgap and a partially filled conduction band at room temperature. T F e) In electronics, the term ''hole'' defines a location in a solid-state material that can be filled by an impurity atom. T F f) At high temperatures, an intrinsic semiconductor material will have more electrons than holes. T F g) In extrinsic silicon, the Fermi energy will be closer to the conduction band when there are more electrons in the conduction band than holes in the valence band. T F h) Adding impurities to a semiconductor material will not affect (at room temperature) intrinsic carrier concentration. T F I) A hole is defined as the absence of an electron in the valence band.

Explanation / Answer

a)         True

The electrical properties of solids are therefore of primary interest.

The semiconductor is in general a single crystal material. The electrical properties of a single crystal material are determined not only by the chemical composition but also by the arrangement of atoms in the solid.

b)   True

The valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states.

c) True

At room temperature, some of the valence electrons gain enough thermal energy to break up the covelent bonds. This breaking up of covelent bonds sets the electrons free and available for conduction.

d) False

A material with a band gap of greater than zero will commonly be regarded as an insulator.

e) True

When added to a semiconducting element such as silicon, increase the number of electrons and produce a N type material, other impurities increase the number of holes and produce a P type materials.

f) True

At high temperatures intrinsic semiconductor material will have more electrons than holes.

g) False

In extrinsic silicon, the fermi energy will be closer to the conduction band or valence band depend on the type of the conductor.

h) True

Semi conductor material which has not had impurities added to inorder to change the carrier concentrations.

i) True

In solid state physics, hole is the absence of an electron from a full valence band.

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