The following lab results were reported for a 15-year-old male. His mother told
ID: 145977 • Letter: T
Question
The following lab results were reported for a 15-year-old male. His mother told the physician the he had lost weight recently even though his appetite and thirst had increased dramatically. She also said she believed her son to be extremely fatigued because he would get up to use the bathroom in the middle of the night.
Plasma
Urine
Glucose: 165 (80-150 mg/dL) (fasting)
Specfic Gravity: 1.040
Sodium: 139 (135-145 mEq/L)
pH: 6.5
Potassium: 4.2 (3.0-5.0 mEq/L)
Glucose: 4+
Chloride: 102 (98-103 mEq/L)
Ketones: Moderate
CO2: 29 (22-27 mmol/L)
Proteins: 2+
What likely condition do the results indicate (be specific by type)?
Which of the above parameters indicates the condition and why?
What other blood tests might the physician order and why?
Plasma
Urine
Glucose: 165 (80-150 mg/dL) (fasting)
Specfic Gravity: 1.040
Sodium: 139 (135-145 mEq/L)
pH: 6.5
Potassium: 4.2 (3.0-5.0 mEq/L)
Glucose: 4+
Chloride: 102 (98-103 mEq/L)
Ketones: Moderate
CO2: 29 (22-27 mmol/L)
Proteins: 2+
Explanation / Answer
The lab results indicate presence of diabetes mellitus.
Fasting blood glucose levels, glucose level in urine, and presence of ketones in urine indicate diabetes. Normal glucose levels in urine <1. If enough insulin is not present, ketones form in blood and spill into urine.
Physician might suggest A1C test which shows the glucose levels in past three months and oral glucose tolerance test to confirm diabetes.
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