Write an essay summary of the article “ A Synthetic Disaccharide derivative of d

Question

Write an essay summary of the article “ A Synthetic Disaccharide derivative of diphyllin, TAARD, activates human natural killer cells to secrete interferon-gamma via Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB and STAT3 signaling pathways”. Critical evaluation of research shortcomings and ideas for future experiments. Write an essay summary of the article “ A Synthetic Disaccharide derivative of diphyllin, TAARD, activates human natural killer cells to secrete interferon-gamma via Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB and STAT3 signaling pathways”. Critical evaluation of research shortcomings and ideas for future experiments. Write an essay summary of the article “ A Synthetic Disaccharide derivative of diphyllin, TAARD, activates human natural killer cells to secrete interferon-gamma via Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated NF-kB and STAT3 signaling pathways”. Critical evaluation of research shortcomings and ideas for future experiments.

Explanation / Answer

Ans)Synthetic Disaccharide derivative of diphyllin named TAARD is an artifical way or pharmacological substitute that has been now a days great in news for its capability for fighting with the tumor cells and cancerous cells in human body. Along with that it has got 2 mechanisms by which it can help to make up a line of defense for our body for such cancerous cells in our body. It can alone stimulate interferon (IFN)- secretion in primary human NK cells and the NKL cell line. With its greater capability for serving the NK cells it also have adverse effects on it growth and secretion and production of enzymes.TAARD induced the phosphorylation of NF-B and STAT3, resulting in their binding on the IFNG promoter, which was dependent on TLR1 and TLR3 signaling, respectively.

Since the NK(Natural Killer) cells is the main and essential components of our body and first line if defense which help me to fight such dreadfull diseases.These large granular lymphocytes provide the body’s major source of interferon-gamma (IFN-), a cytokine that is highly important in activating macrophages to kill obligate intracellular pathogens, shaping the immune response of Th1 helper cells.

According to the experimental studies, the TAARD is mainly increasing the IFN- Production in NK Cells which is not good for our body beyond a certain level inside our body. So we needed to be very carefull for the use of TAARD. The TAARD has 2 ways of stimulating the interferon- secretion in human natural killer cells. One is via TLR1-NF-B and other isTLR3–STAT3 signaling pathways.Both NF-B and STAT signaling are important signaling pathways that regulate cytokine gene expression.

It has also been shown that adoptive transfer of cytokine-induced memory NK cells into acute myeloid leukemia results in proliferation and expansion of these cells, leading to robust responses against leukemia targets (54). It will be interesting to know whether TAARD has the potential for clinical application by activating NK cells in patients and/or inducing memory-like NK cells or causing stem cells regeneration at the time of birthof the child. The investors are also working on the artifical disaccharide derivative of diphyllin for developing such treatment to the world. The present investigation provides us with critical information about the mechanism of how natural products stimulate human NK cells. Both NK cells and IFN- are used in the clinic for treatment of cancer and other diseases. High-doses of TAARD are associated with toxic buildup in many organ systems, including the central nervous system, heart, kidneys, and lungs. STAT-3 signaling is also required to maintain the fitness and homeostasis of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells. This results in minimal response with toxic side effects due to high levels of IFN- production that prime NK cells to augment cytotoxic as well as cell-mediated immune responses. Thus, it is of paramount importance to find an effective and convenient therapeutic drug to stimulate NK cells for the production of the antibodies for fighting the cancerous cells.

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