1. Karyotypes ( ) a. consist of banded chromosomes aligned by autosomal number b

Question

1. Karyotypes ( )

a. consist of banded chromosomes aligned by autosomal number

b. are consistent across organisms

c. are haploid

d. None of the above

2. Methylation is one mechanism used by the cell to regulate gene expression. What nucleotide is methylated in DNA?

a. Adenine. b. Guanine. c. Cytosine. d. Thymine

3. Heritablity ()

a. is equal to the breeding value

b. measures the strength of the relationship between the trait and the progeny value

c. measures the strength of the relationship between the trait and the breeding value

d. none of the above

4. Inbreeding results in ( )

a. a change in allele frequencies

b. a change in haplotype frequencies

c. a change in genotype frequencies

d. a change in epistatic frequencies

Explanation / Answer

1. A

Karyotype (Karyogram) is the chromosomal arrangement according to the size of chromosome, largest comes at first and smallest comes at last. Apart from this it also reflect chromosome banding pattern and centromere position. This test is suggested by cytogenetics to detect any chromosomal abnormalities. In that arrangement autosomes are firstly aligned and then at last sex chromosome is placed. It changes with organism of that particular species in case of any chromosomal abnormality and in case of humans it is diploid in nature.

2. Cytosine

Cytosine is the base which gets methylated and prevent DNA transcription. In most of the cases, the unmethylated CpG island is present in the Promeoter region.

3. C

Heritability measures the degree of variation between the trait of that population due to the effect of genetic variation arises in that population.

4. C

Inbreeding increases Homozygosity in a population and thus changes genotypic frquencies.

Allele frequency is the frquency of occurence of allele of that particular gene.

Epistatic is the phenomenon when one gene modifies the the effect of another gene.

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