Which of these individuals must be carriers (choose ALL that apply): II-1 II-2 I

Question

Which of these individuals must be carriers (choose ALL that apply):
II-1 II-2 II-3 II-4
III-1 III-2 III-3 III-4 The pedigree below shows the inheritance pattern for one gene involved in eye color within a particular family The loss-of-function, recessive allele affects the amount of melanin in the eye, but one copy of a functional allele results in brown eyes. The loss of function, recessive allele is not rare within the population. Those with filled in circles and squares have lighter colored eyes. Identify all of the individuals who must be carriers in the pedigree below 1-2 I1-2 I13 II-4 IV-I

Explanation / Answer

When it comes to loss-of-function recessive alleles,
1) In case, child is affected than both parents have to carriers at-least
2) In case parent is affected, all offsprings will be carriers.

With this logic, we see that the answer is:
II-2, II-3, II-4
III-1, III-2

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