KHP 4474 Exercise Physiology APPLIED ESSAY 1 Bioenergetics and Metabolism (10 pt
ID: 144484 • Letter: K
Question
KHP 4474 Exercise Physiology APPLIED ESSAY 1 Bioenergetics and Metabolism (10 pts) Describe the energy systems (in sufficient detail) utilized by the following three elite athletes: 100m sprinter, 400m runner, and a marathon nunner. In your response make sure to justify your answer by clearly stating the approximate time frame each energy system operates for and the materials" each energy system utilizes. What is the specific cause of fatigue in eac above athletes? Sarah and Elise are both college distance runners and have virtually identical VO, max values (Sarah 5 58.2 mL kg1 min' and Elise 58.4 mL kg1 min). However, Sarah can maintain a per mile pace for a 5 mile run (28:45 overall time) whereas Elise can only maintain seconds in every race, despite their similar VO, max values. Their coach is confused because he 545 minute a 6:00 minute per mile pace (30:00 overall time). Sarah thus consistently beats Elise by 75 was under the impression that an athlete's VO2 max is correlated with endurance performance, he consults you for an explanation. Speculate on the reason for this performance difference and explain the causes of this physiological concept ANSWERExplanation / Answer
During exercise, the body relies on three basic energy systems: the anaerobic a-lactic system (ATP-CP), the anaerobic lactic (AL) system, and the aerobic system. Depending on the sportsplayed, athletes rely on one system more than the others.
1. ATP-PC system: Short duration, high performance. The athlete will not become fatigued instantly after a 100-meter sprint because the ATP (energy) utilized is from the reserve (store). However, if this activity is repeated, the athlete will get fatigued.ATP and phosphocreatine (PC) compose the ATP-PC system, also sometimes called the Phosphagen system. It is immediate and functions without oxygen. It allows for up to approximately 12 seconds (+ or -) of maximum effort. During the first few seconds of any activity, stored ATP supplies the energy. For a few more seconds beyond that, phosphocreatine compensates for the decline of ATP until there is a shift to another energy system. Depletion of creatinine phosphate stores can also cause fatigue if exercise is started too suddenly. The ATP-PC system can create energy at approximately 36 calories minute. A sprint runner would rely more on this system because they need high speed for a short duration.
2. ALA system: this system provides energy for activities that last anywhere from 2-4 minutes. Carbohydrates supply glucose that circulates in the blood or gets stored as glycogen in the muscles and the liver. Blood glucose and/or stored glycogen is broken down to create ATP through the process of glycolysis. Like the ATP-PC system, oxygen is not required for the actual process of glycolysis. Cause of fatigue is lactic acid accumulation in the muscles. A middle distance runner (400-800m) would rely on this system.
3. Aerobic energy system: Any duration between 2 minutes to a few hours is fueled by this system. It utilizes fat, carbohydrates and oxygen. In cases where the glucose is depleted and the fat amount is minimal, the body may even utilize proteins. When the carbohydrate stores are depleted, the body will switch to fat and require higher amounts of oxygen for the metabolism of fat. Then the rate of transport of oxygen will become the limiting factor. The athlete may not need to stop. Fatigue is caused by depletion of energy stores. A marathon runner would utilize this system.
VO2 max is the maximum volume of oxygen your body can process while exercising. That means, how much oxygen from the air can reach the bloodstream for use by the cells. VO2 measures aerobic capacity but it is a poor indicator of race performance.
How fast an athlete is determined by various factors such as:
It is possible that Sarah takes longer strides, is genetically predisposed to be fast, and has more type II muscle fibres.
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