Please answer ALL parts of questions 6,7,8, &9. These questions are from my Path

Question

Please answer ALL parts of questions 6,7,8, &9. These questions are from my Pathophysiology course. Thank you very much!!!

6. A) Differentiate between hyperplasia and hypertrophy by describing what is happening at the cellular level in each. B) Give an example for each of these that is part of a normal cellular adaptive response and describe how it serves as a normal adaptive response. 7. A) What is a fatty change? B) Describe the process behind one cause of fatty change. C) Name two organs most affected by fatty change and explain why these organs are affected more by fatty change than other organs. 8. Differentiate between benign and malignant neoplasms by comparing and contrasting at least three different characteristics. 9. A) Differentiate (at the cellular level) between metaplasia and dysplasia. Be sure to define and give an example of each as part of your answer. B) Define Reserve Capacity

Explanation / Answer

6 (A)

Hypertrophy is the increase in the volume of a given tissue or organ. It does not include an increase due to the development of adhesions or accumulation of fat, or due to the proliferation of cells. This is due only to the enlargement of the cells of the given tissue or organ, which occurs in permanent cells (non-dividing, such as skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, etc.).

While the increase in the amount of a tissue, resulting from cell proliferation is called Hyperplasia. It may lead to a significant enlargement of a certain organ.This is a common response to a stimulus. The obtained cells are normal, but in increased numbers. It occurs in labile or stable dividing cells.

7 (B) Commonly diseases represent spontaneous alterations in the ability of a cell to proliferate and function normally, and in other cases, disease results when external stimuli produce changes in the cell's environment that make it impossible for the cell to maintain homeostasis. In such situations, cells must adapt to the new environment.Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia are such adaptions.

Example for Hyperplasia ; rowth of adrenal glands due to production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by a pituitary adenoma.

Example for Hypertrophy ; increase in the size of the heart due to aortic stenosis.

7(A)

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