Briefly describe the microbial ecology of the community outlined below based on

Question

Briefly describe the microbial ecology of the community outlined below based on these terms: Neutralism, Commensalism, Synergism, Mutualism, Competition, Amensalism, Parasitism, Predation. Justify your classification. Also, identify the community structure and function. Based on:

An anaerobic 3-chlorobenzoate mineralizing community (NOTE: only discuss strains DCB-1, BZ-2, and PM-1) Tiedje and coworkers have studied an anaerobic consortium that grows on 3chlorobenzoate (3-CBz)11. Although the complete consortium was more complex, they found that a combination of three species was needed to grow on 3-CBz: a dechlorinating bacterium (strain DCB-1), and benzoate oxidizer (strain BZ-2), and a methanogen (strain PM-1). The relationships among these three species are illustrated in Figure 1 and described in the following paragraphs. DCB-1 carries out reductive dechlorination of 3-CBz (i.e., uses it as an electron acceptor): 3-CBz + H2 benzoate + Cl- + H+ DCB-1 cannot grow on benzoate or chlorobenzoate. However, it can grow on acetate plus H2. The researchers found that it uses benzoate metabolites as a carbon source and can also incorporate carbon dioxide into its cellular material. Strain BZ-2, the benzoate oxidizer, must grow in co-culture with a hydrogen-consuming bacterium. Benzoate is the only substrate that supports the growth of BZ-2, and acetate is released as a product:    Benzoate + 7 H2O 3 acetate + 3 H2 + HCO3- +3H+ The methanogen, PM-1, is required to maintain the low H2 levels required for benzoate oxidation. The only known substrates for PM-1 are formate or the combination of H2 and CO2. In the 3-CBz community, PM-1 carries out the reaction: 4H2 + CO2 CH4 + 2H2O

Explanation / Answer

Microbial ecology is based on various interactions. Interactions between two species can be either positive or negative association that could favour or inhibit the growth and evolution of a population. The microbial interactions between individuals can affect population density, species distributions and ultimately lead to ecolutionary changes. They mau cooperate, compete or depend on each other for survival. Neutralism: No interaction is seen in species, neither the population is affected. Interactions are mainly indirect or incidental. Commensalism: Interaction which is compirsed of the association between two indiviaduals wherein one of species can benefit but neither harms nor helps the other one. Example: Spider's web on deer's horn or sea anomene on back of the crab. Synergism: Synergy ios also called as protocooperation where both population are benefitted. However, this association is not obligatory meaning that both the populations atre survive on their own. Mutualism: A type of symbiotic relatinship in which an interspecific interactions that benefits both the species. Ex: Bees gets nutrition and flower gets provided with seed dispersal and segregartion by the bees. Competetion: It is type of negative association meaning that neither of the spcies paticipating in the association are benefitted. They both influence eachother negatively. Amensalism: When one species is unaffected but the other one has negative effects on itself. Ex: Penicillum is a mold producing fungus that produces penicillin which kill bacteria. Parasitism: Parasite is the one getting nourishment from another organisms. Its host is getting harmed in the process. It is a type of symbiotic relationship. Parasites live within the host is called as endoparasites, such as tapeworms. parasites that live on the surface are ones that re called as ectoparasites. Predation: Predation is a type antagonistic type of association, where one that hunts or preys is called a predator for its survival and the one which is preyed on is called a prey which is killed in the process. It is Positive-negative type of association.

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