The picture below shows a sodium/glucose transporter. Part A shows a schematic.
ID: 142889 • Letter: T
Question
The picture below shows a sodium/glucose transporter. Part A shows a schematic. Each circle represents an amino acid, the rectangles represent places where the protein passes through the membrane. You can see that the transporter is a single protein that passes through the membrane several times. Part B shows a ribbon diagram, looking from the outside of the cell, through the middle of the transport region and into the cell. Part C shows the same diagram as part B, but rotated, so you are looking at the transporter straight on as it sits in the A. B. C. Describe the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of this protein. Make sure to discuss where and which types of chemical interactions are used. Then, discuss which level of structure (primary, secondary, etc?) will change when the protein is bound to glucose. (2 points)Explanation / Answer
Primary structure of protein-
Primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids which constitute the polypeptide chain. Amino acids are joined together through peptide or covalent bonds. The Presence of different types of amino acids, their side chains determine the overall charge of protein.
Secondary structure-
Secondary structure of protein is formed due to interaction between atoms of the amino acids. It mostly consists of Hydrogen bonding. Alpha helix and beta sheet are two main types of secondary structure.
Tertiary-
The 3D confirmation adopted by the protein is the tertiary structure of protein. This structure is determined by relative charges on amino acids side chains, ionic interactions, disulfide bonds. Hydrophobic regions are turned inwards making protein confirmation stable with lowest energy.
Quaternary-
A Quaternary structure is formed from the multiple subunits of protein, usually complex proteins have multiple subunits which are formed of separate amino acid chains
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When protein is bound to glucose there is a change in Quaternary and 3d confirmation of protein. This helps in opening a pore in protein which allows glucose to pass through the membrane and enter cell. Once glucose is released in cell the protein again returns to its original confirmation and shape.
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