You and a companion are trying to escape from some bad guys one dark night. With

Question

You and a companion are trying to escape from some bad guys one dark night. With the sounds of pursuit close behind, you come upon an open pipe that appears to cut through a hillside. If the pipe is open at the other end, you may be able to escape this way. If it is closed, you will be trapped. Your companion says, "I know how to find out," and sticks his head in, yells something, and then listens. He then pulls his head out and says, "It must be open at the other end. When I yelled 'hello,' I heard the reflection come back 'olleh.' Thus the reflection was inverted, and since the open end of a pipe is like the fixed end of a string, it will reflect the sound inverted." With a thrill of fear, you realize that your companion is lying to you and thus is possibly in cahoots with the bad guys. How do you know this?

Explanation / Answer

Because he made a wrong argument. Reflected wave is inverted when it was reflected by some rigid boundary. Since it hear the inverted reflection which means at the other end, the boundary is rigid hence the pipe is close. This is how I realize that he is telling lie infer that he is cahoots with bad guys.

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