Please answer all Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer
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Question
Please answer all
Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase require 5' phosphate to add a new nucleotide
DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide
DNA polymerase require energy by hydrolizing the primers
Which of the following enzymes is template independent?
Reverse transcriptase
Klenow fragment
DNA polymerase
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
RNA polymerase
The natural function of a DNA ligase enzyme is:
Joining together DNA sequences with compatible cohesive ends from two different organisms to yield a recombinant DNA molecule
Sealing single stranded nicks in double stranded DNA molecules
Joining together two blunt ended fragments of DNA within a cell
Joining together two single stranded DNA molecules
The natural function of 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of a DNA polymerase is to:
Remove the 5' end of the DNA strand that is being copied
Remove damaged nucleotide from the template strand
Remove nucleotides from the end of DNA to generate blunt ends
Remove incorrect nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA
Which technique is used to resolve the different sizes of DNA fragments?
Gene cloning
PCR
DNA sequencing
Gel electrophoresis
Which of the following vectors does not contain bacterial origin of replication (oriC)?
plasmid
cosmid
bacterial artificial chromosome
lambda vector
Which process of bacteriophage is not used for gene cloning?
Concatemer formation
Lytic cycle
Lysogenic cycle
viral packaging
What vector would be best suited for creating a contig of bovine (cattle) chromosome 10?
lambda vector
Cosmid vector
P1 vector
Plasmid
E. coli takes up plasmid DNA by which of the following methods?
Transduction
Transformation
Conjugation
Transfection
The following times and temperatures are an example of the steps for PCR. You can use the Figure to help you answer the following questions.
Why is the first step is carried out at 94°C?
To degrade the template
To denature the template
To activate the polymerase
To facilitate the primer binding
What happens in the reaction when the temperature shifts to 55°C during cycling?
the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers
the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis
the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA
the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA
During cycling, what occurs when the temperature is at 72°C?
the primers anneal to the double-stranded regions of the DNA
the DNA polymerase will carry out DNA synthesis by extending the annealed primers
the primers anneal to the single-stranded regions of the DNA
the DNA polymerase will finish DNA synthesis
You designed a set of primers to amplify 1 kb DNA with polymerase chain reaction. By which cycle of polymerase chain reaction, we would expect to see the first double stranded DNA with expected size?
The end of cycle 1
The end of cycle 2
The end of cycle3
The end of cycle 4
DNA polymerase require 5' phosphate to add a new nucleotide
DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide
Explanation / Answer
Why does a template-dependent DNA polymerase require a primer to initiate DNA synthesis?
The correct answer is DNA polymerase require 3' hydroxyl group to add a new nucleotide.
Reason: The functionality of DNA polymerase is extremely dependent on the availability of 3' hydroxyl group. In the absence of this group, the activity of DNA polymerase is hindered.
Which of the following enzymes is template independent?
The correct answer is: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Reason: Terminal transferases add any nucleotides available to the terminal side of the DNA. They do not need template for their activity.
The natural function of a DNA ligase enzyme is:
The correct answer is Sealing single stranded nicks in double stranded DNA molecules
Reason: generally DNA polymerase has proof reading activity. When it finds any mistakes, the repair mechanism will remove the base pairs. At this stage, the DNA ligase comes into picture. They join the strands and make it complete.
The natural function of 3' -> 5' exonuclease activity of a DNA polymerase is to:
The correct answer is Remove incorrect nucleotides from the newly synthesized DNA
As I discussed above, the proofreading activity removes mistakes in the newly synthesised DNA. The exonuclease activity is mainly involved in this process. It is essential to maintain the integrity of newly synthesized DNA.
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