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ADD COMMENT & GIVE MORE SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT gut microbiota& Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disregulation of host responses secondary to DYSBIOSIS within the gut lumen could affect distant anatomical sites through activation of host immune responses. This may be a mechanism in rheumatoid arthritis, another chronic idiopathic inflammatory condition. In mice, the presence of SFBs in the gut microbiome causes local expansion of Th17 cells126 that then migrate to peripheral immune compartments and activate B cells into antibody-producing plasma cells. Antibody production leads to the immune-mediated destruction of the joints that mirrors rheumatoid arthritis127.

Explanation / Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease, caused by both environmental and genetic factors. Gut microbiota was thought to be an environmental agent affecting the development of RA. There are experiments which shows dysbiosisb in RA patients contributed to the development of Th-17 cell-dependent arthritis in intestinal-humanized SKG mice. "High-throughput microbial DNA sequencing" is used to detect human microbiota. Recent advances in understanding of mucosal immunity have clarified the correlation between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. Most of the interactions between the host and its commensal microbiota are symbiotic. Dysbiosis is found in diseases which affect the tissues out of gut. RA is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by auto-antibody production and destruction of bones in mutiple joints. It was found in experiments that Immunoglobulin A (IgA) anticitrullinated protein antibody is detectable before the onset of arthritis suggesting that RA originates at mucosal sites such as gut and oral cavity. The gut microbiota contains the largest abundance of microoragnisms in our body. Studies shows that composition of intestinal microbiota is altered in patients with onset of RA. Commensal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) induce the Th17 cells in the intestine and trigger arthritis in mice. Therefore, gut microbiota is an important environmental factor in the development of arthritis.

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