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To destroy a cancerous tumor, a dose of gamma radiation with a total energy of 2

ID: 1391063 • Letter: T

Question

To destroy a cancerous tumor, a dose of gamma radiation with a total energy of 2.11 J is to be delivered in 29.0 days from implanted sealed capsules containing palladium-103. Assume this isotope has a half-life of 17.0 d and emits gamma rays of energy 21.0 keV, which are entirely absorbed within the tumor. (Enter your answer using one of the following formats: 1.2e-3 for 0.0012 and 1.20e+2 for 120.)

(a) Find the initial activity of the set of capsules.
Bq

(b) Find the total mass of radioactive palladium that these "seeds" should contain.
kg

Explanation / Answer

the decay constant lambds = =0.693/T1/2 = 0.693/17 = 0.0408 /d


let No be the initial number of nulclei present


Let N be the number of nuclei present after 29 days

N = No*e^-lambda*t = No*e^-(0.0408*29) = No*e^-1.1832 = 0.3063*No

the number of nuclei decayed durin 29 days is

No - N = No - 0.3063*No = No*(1 - 0.3063 ) = No*0.6937


energy delivered = 2.11 J


energy released by =(No-N)* 21 Kev

= No*0.6937*21*1000*1.6e-19 = No*2.330832e-15


energy released = energy delivered


No*2.330832e-15 = 2.11


No = 9.053*10^14

part a)

initial activity Ao = lambda*No = 9.053e14*0.0408 = 3.7*10^14 / day


1 day = 24*60*60 = 8.64e+4 s


Ao = 3.7e14/(8.64e+4) = 4.282e9 Bq <-------answer

part (b)


1u = 1.6e-27 kg

mass = 103u = 103*1.67e-27 = 1.7201e-25 kg


initial mass = No*m = 9.053e14*1.7201e-25 = 1.56e-10 kg <-------answer

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