CRITICAL THINKING CASE STUDY dalt patient has asthma. An adrenergic agonist is A
ID: 138831 • Letter: C
Question
CRITICAL THINKING CASE STUDY dalt patient has asthma. An adrenergic agonist is An older adult patient has hypertension and asthma. Asn ected for treatment. adrenergic blocker is selected for treatment. la ir he dru adantages and disadvantages associ- 1. What are the drug advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of doxazosin, prazosin, propranolol, meto- prolol, and atenolol for this patient? Explain your answer 2. What needs to be included when teaching this patient atnd with the use of an adrenergic agonist, such as ephed- in. metaproterenol,or albuterol, for this patient? Explain sage afactor in drug selection? Explain your answer. about the use of an adrenergic blocker?Explanation / Answer
*) 1. Advantages and Disadvantages of adrenergic agonists.(epihendrin,metaproterenol or albuterol).
* Advantages
#Epihendrin
* Epihendrin act as bronchodilators by stimulating beta 2 receptors so useful in
treatment of asthma of this patient.
#Albuterol
* Albuterol is a sympathomimetic and selective beta 2 agonist and it can stimulate
beta receptor which result in bronchodilation so useful in asthmatic patient.
* Disadvantages
# Epihendrin
* Continuous administration of this drug in between short intervals result in
Tachyphylaxis.
* Hypertension because of pheripheral vasoconstriction when using repeatedly
* Epihendrin is a CNS stimulant so it can produce anxiety,insomnia,tremors
and changes in mental status.
# Albuterol
* HIgh doses of this drug result in hypokalemia.
* Muscle cramps,tremors,palpitations are common side effects because of
it's action in smooth muscles.
* Albuterol can produce paradoxical reactions(opposite effect) which result
in bronchospasm.
2. Importance of age in drug selection
*Changes in doses are needed for children,infants and adults because of their difference
body surface area,weight,Liver maturation,GI absorption and immunity.
* Some category of drugs like anesthetics produce over reaction in children compared
to adult so age is important when using anesthetics.
*Old age people have weakness in immune status so when prescribing drugs for oldage
changes needed in dosage.
*) 1. Advantages and disadvantages of (Doxazosin,prazosin,propanolol,metapropanolol and atenolol)
*Advantages
# Doxazosin and prazosin
* Prazosin is a alpha 1 antagonist so it act as a vasodilator and used in
acute heart failure.
* Doxazosin also a alpha 1 antagonist used to treat hypertension and benign
prostatic hyperplasia associated urinary retention.
# Proponolol,metaproponolol and atenolol
*This drugs are included in category of beta blockers and used in treatment of
hypertension,angina pectoris and cardiac arrythmias.
* Disadvantages
# Prazosin and Doxazosin
* Doxazosin cause orthostatic hypotension,dizziness,fatigue and
vertigo because of vasodilation properties.
* Prazosin also cause dizziness,fatigue,nausea and palpitations.
# Proponolol,metaproponolol and atenolol
* This category of beta blockers disadvantages are depressing myo
cardial contractibility impulse conduction velocity,bronchoconstriction
automaticity of heart due to block the beta receptors.
Teaching patient about use of adrenergic blockers
* Teaching should include common side effects which are discussed above
and said them to take action if side effects occur.
* Explain the patient that when taking beta blockers your heart rate will be
slow.
* Take beta blockers(eg:proponolol) along with food.
* Do not stop use of this drugs without the opinion of doctor.
* Adrenergic blockers are stopped gradually by one or two weeks
of time so strictly follow physicians guidelines.
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