25. Matching: biotransformation. blocker. blood-brain barrier. clearance. distri

Question

25. Matching: biotransformation. blocker. blood-brain barrier. clearance. distribution. excretion. first-pass effect. 4 5. 6. half-life. 9. intrinsic activity. metabolism. metabolites. P-450. 13prodrug. 14 Is.otacebo. pharmacotherapeutics. steady state (plateau). therapeutic index. 17 a. Enzyme system to metabolize drugs. b, The time needed for the plasma concentration of a drug to be reduced by 50%. c. Rate of disappearance of the drug molecules from the circulation. d. Another term for antagonist. e. The delivery of the drug into any and all body compartments it can penetrate. f. Conversion of the drug into another substance or substance. g. Reason the drug is prescribed. h. Administration rate of a drug equals its elimination rate. i. Relation of EDso to LDso j. Drug that requires conversion into its active form k. Removal of a drug (or its metabolites) from the body. I. A combination of affinity and efficacy. m. Another term for metabolism. n. End product of a chemical change of one drug into another. o. Selective mechanism that opposes the passage of most ions and large molecular compounds from the blood to the brain tissue. p. Inactive substance. Drugs entering the body by the enteral route first go through the portal circulation to th liver before reaching the general circulation.

Explanation / Answer

25. Matching

1. m

Biotransformation or metabolism or metabolic transformations is the process by which a substance changes from one chemical to another (transformed) by a chemical reaction within the body.

2.d

Antagonist or Blocker is any chemical, which opposes blocks the action of drug.

3. o

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important mechanism for protecting the brain from fluctuations in plasma composition and harmful agents. They are formed by brain endothelial cells lining the cerebral microvasculature.

4. c

Drug clearance is the rate at which the active drug is removed from the body. It can be defined as the rate of drug elimination divided by the plasma concentration of the drug.

5. e

Distribution describes the reversible transfer of a drug from one location to another within the body.

6. K

Excretion I the process of drugs are transferred from the internal to the external environment.

7. q

First pass effect

First-pass effect or first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism refers to the metabolism or extensive biotransformation of the administered drug before it reach the target and thereby decreasing the concentration rapidly .

8. b

Half life

Half-life is the time required for a drug to reduce to half its initial concentration.

9.l

Intrinsic activity

Is the relative ability of a drug-receptor complex to produce a maximum functional response. .

10.

F

Metabolism biotransformation of the drug to something which can be excreted more easily (many drugs are excreted unchanged)

11.n

Metabolites are the end product of a chemical change of one drug into another

12. a

P-450 or CYps are the major enzymes involved in drug metabolism,.

13.p

A placebo is a pharmacologically inactive or drug identical substance like sugar pill and provides patient a feel that she/he is receiving an effective treatment.

14. j

A prodrug is a medication or chemical compound that is metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug after administration.

15.g

Pharmacotherapeutics is the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs or the beeneficial and adverse effects of drugs.

16. h

Steady state or plateau is a steady state, the rate of infusion equals the rate of elimination.

17. i

The therapeutic index is equal to LD50 divided by ED50

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