What is the maximum number of proteins that could be in the process of synthesis
ID: 136242 • Letter: W
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What is the maximum number of proteins that could be in the process of synthesis at any instant ? What is the maximum number of proteins that could be in the process of synthesis at any instant ? Because having each nucleotide code for only one amino acid would allow for only four different amino acids to be incorporated into a protein, it was obvious to researchers that there had to be a conversion between multiple bases and each amino acid. Would two nucleotides at a time be sufficient to provide enough codons to code for all 20 amino acids? Why or why not? How many amino acids could be coded for by codons containing only two nucleotides? Will three nucleotides per codon work? Why or why not? Explain your answers. To answer these questions using TranslationL.ab. click the Start Experiment button on the input screen of TranslationLab. For each of the four bottles of ucleotides that appear, click on the arrow to select a nucleotide. Do this for two nucleotides initially. Click the Make RNA button to display the sequence of mRNA that you created. Click Add to Notes to create a record of your experiment. To translate this sequence into amino acids, click on the To Translation Mix button. Click Add to Notes to add the amino acid sequence to your notebook. Continue this pr?cess until you are able to answer the questions aboveExplanation / Answer
Maximum number of protein which can be synthesized at an instant from a mRNA molecule.
mRNA of eukaryotes and prokaroyotes form polysomes i.e multiple ribosomes can attach to a mRNA for carrying out polypeptide synthesis. In this way multiple polypeptides or proteins can be synthesized from a mRNA molecule. On average ribsomes on a mRNA molecule are separated by 100-200 nucleotides. Therefore depending on the length of mRNA being translated, the number of proteins being synthesized can be predicted. If a mRNA is 1000 nucleotide long and ribosomes are attached at a interval of 100 nucleotides then a maximum of 10 polypeptides/ proteins can be synthesized at a time from a mRNA molecule.
Two nucleotide codon would not be sufficient to code for all the 20 amino acids. This is becuase the possible codons that could be generate using two nucleotides at time is 42= 16.
AT, AG, AC,AA, TA, TG, TC, TT, GA, GT, GC, GG,CA,CT,CG,CC
These 16 codons would be able to codon only for 16 amino acids as unambiguity (i.e one codon for different amino acids) cannot be tolerated.
If three nucleotides are taken at a time as codon. The possible number of codon would be 43= 64. 64 codons is more than the number of amino acids (20). However, degeneracy of genetic code can compensate for the large number of codons. Degeneracy means a particular amino acid can be coded by more than one codon. Therefore, in a three nucleotide codon sytem, multiple codons code for a single amino acid e.g. leucine has four codons CUU, CUC, CUA,CUG.
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