Questions 8 to 13 are based on the following information. Question 8: The top st

Question

Questions 8 to 13 are based on the following information. Question 8: The top strand of the following segment of DNA serves as the template strand 3' TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5' 5 ATGTGGAACCGCTGCTGA 3' We will refer to this segment of DNA as the original (or unmutated) sequence. Please answer the following questions (a) What is the mRNA sequence? The mRNA sequence is 5 AUGUGGAACCGCUGCUG 3'. (2 marks) Please enter your sequence in the 5 to 3' direction. Deductions will be made if a sequence is inputted in the wrong direction.* (b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus Met-tro-asn-arg-cys-s c-terminus. (2 marks) Please note* . The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein. o i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated. .If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP. When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP) .You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.

Explanation / Answer

According to the Chegg Q&A Guidelines, the first four questions(i.e question 8, 9, 10 and 11) have been answered.

Question 8:

(a) The original (or unmutated) DNA sequence:

3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’

5’ ATGTGGAACCGCTGCTGA 3’

Here the template strand is 3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’

So, the mRNA sequence is 5' AUGUGGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'

Explanation: The formation of RNA from DNA takes place through a process called transcription. In this process, RNA polymerase starts adding the ribonucleotides from the 3' end of the template DNA strand. In RNA there are four types of nitrogenous bases and these are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil (in RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil). Adenine base pairs with uracil and guanine base pairs with cytosine.

(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,

N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus.

Explanation: Using the mRNA sequence protein formation takes place through a process called translation with the help of ribosome and tRNA. Ribosome reads the mRNA from 5' end to the 3' end. The tRNAs (adaptor molecules) recognize groups of three consecutive nucleotides known as codons.

Therefore, the amino acid sequence of the protein is

N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus.

Note that we have consulted the genetic code.

Question 9:

(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):

3’ TACATCTTGGCGACGACT 5’

The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 1) is 5' AUGUAGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'

Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.

(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,

N-terminus Met-STOP C-terminus

Explanation: As the tRNA recognizes the stop codon (5' UAG 3') therefore, here the translation process will get terminated. So, the amino acids for those next codons would not be added to the protein.

Question 10:

(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):

3’ TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’

The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 2) is 5' AUGCUGGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'

Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.

(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,

N-terminus Met-Leu-Glu-Pro-Leu-Leu C-terminus

Explanation: The tRNA will not recognize the endmost single nucleotide.

Question 11:

(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):

3’ TACACCTTAGCGACGACT 5’

The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 3) is 5' AUGUGGAAUCGCUGCUGA 3'

Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.

(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,

N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus

Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.

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