Please provide FULL SENTENCES: 1. Using the terms and diagram on the next page,

Question

Please provide FULL SENTENCES:

1. Using the terms and diagram on the next page, explain the process of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation which occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane during cellular respiration. For each of the numbered locations on the diagram, write out IN SENTENCES what is happening during this process. Also, the mitochondrial membrane shown separates two mitochondrial spaces. In the lettered boxes write the name of these two spaces. a. NADH and FADH2 b. Electron transport chain and electrons C. d. ATP Synthase e. Oxygen (O) f. Water (H20) g. ATP h. ADP P 1NAD 2 FADH 4

Explanation / Answer

Question 1: During the oxidation of glucose to CO2, most of the released free energy is retained in NADH and FADH2 and these are generated during glycolysis and TCA cycle. Electrons are released from NADH and FADH2 and transferred to O2, forming H2O.

Electrons are transferred through a series of electron carriers present on the inner mitochondrial membrane. These electron carriers are divided into four large respiratory enzyme complexes [NADH-coenzyme Q reductase(complex I), Succinate-coenzyme Q reductase(Complex II), Coenzyme Q-cytochrome c reductase(Complex III), Cytochrome c oxidase(Complex IV)].

1. The hydride ion is removed from NADH and is converted into a proton and two electrons. This takes place in the Complex I. The resulting electrons are transferred to coenzyme Q (CoQ).

2. Succinate dehydrogenase, an integral component of the complex II converts succinate to fumarate. Therefore the two electrons are released in this conversion and these electrons are transferred first to FAD, then to an iron-sulfur center and finally to coenzyme Q.

3. Electrons from NADH as well as FADH2 are transferred to the coenzyme Q. Coenzyme Q is the electron carrier.

4. Complex IV catalyzes the transfer of electrons from the reduced form of cytochrome c to molecular oxygen. Cytochrome c transports electrons, one at a time, to the complex IV. Two electrons, sequentially released from two molecules of cytochrome c together with two protons from the matrix, combine with an O atom to form one water molecule. For each electron transferred from cytochrome c to oxygen, one proton(H+) is transported from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

5. During the transport of each pair of electron from NADH to Coenzyme Q, complex I pumps four protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the matrix to the intermembrane space.

6. Due to the energy from electron transport, the movement of proton takes place from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Therefore, an electrochemical proton gradient is created. This drives H+ back through the ATP synthase, a transmembrane protein complex.

7. ATP synthase uses the energy of H+ flow to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi in the matrix.

The mitochondrial membrane shown separates two mitochondrial spaces. The name of these two spaces: [A] Mitochondrial matrix and [B] Intermitochondrial space.

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