Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8. Here
ID: 135868 • Letter: Q
Question
Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8.
Here is Question 8
Question 8:
The top strand of the following segment of DNA serves as the template strand:
3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
5’ ATGTGGAACCGCTGCTGA 3’
We will refer to this segment of DNA as the original (or unmutated) sequence.
Please answer the following questions:
(a) What is the mRNA sequence?
The mRNA sequence is 5' 3'. (2 marks)
**Please enter your sequence in the 5' to 3' direction. Deductions will be made if a sequence is inputted in the wrong direction.**
(b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated.
The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus C-terminus. (2 marks)
**Please note**
The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein.
i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated.
If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP.
When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP).
You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.
Question 9:
The original (unmutated) DNA sequence (shown above in Question 8) has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACATCTTGGCGACGACT 5’.
We will refer to this sequence as mutation #1.
Please note that for simplicity only the template strand for this mutated segment of DNA is shown.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is the complete mRNA sequence for the mutated segment mutation #1?
The mutated mRNA sequence is 5' 3'. (2 marks)
**Please enter your sequence in the 5' to 3' direction. Deductions will be made if a sequence is inputted in the wrong direction.**
(b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated.
The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus C-terminus. (2 marks)
**Please note**
The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein.
i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated.
If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP.
When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP).
You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.
4 points
QUESTION 10
Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8.
Question 10:
The original (unmutated) DNA sequence (shown above in Question 8) has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
We will refer to this sequence as mutation #2.
Please note that for simplicity only the template strand for this mutated segment of DNA is shown.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is the complete mRNA sequence for the mutated segment mutation #2?
The mutated mRNA sequence is 5' 3'. (2 marks)
**Please enter your sequence in the 5' to 3' direction. Deductions will be made if a sequence is inputted in the wrong direction.**
(b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated.
The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus C-terminus. (2 marks)
**Please note**
The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein.
i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated.
If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP.
When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP).
You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.
4 points
QUESTION 11
Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8.
Question 11:
The original (unmutated) DNA sequence (shown above in Question 8) has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACACCTTAGCGACGACT 5’.
We will refer to this sequence as mutation #3.
Please note that for simplicity only the template strand for this mutated segment of DNA is shown.
Answer the following questions:
(a) What is the complete mRNA sequence for the mutated segment mutation #3?
The mutated mRNA sequence is 5' 3'. (2 marks)
**Please enter your sequence in the 5' to 3' direction. Deductions will be made if a sequence is inputted in the wrong direction.**
(b) Using the mRNA sequence you determined in part (a) of this question, give the sequence of the protein that would be translated.
The amino acid sequence for this protein is N-terminus C-terminus. (2 marks)
**Please note**
The N-terminus refers to the beginning of the primary sequence for a protein, and the C-terminus refers to the end of the primary sequence for a protein.
i.e. input the amino acids in the order that they would be translated.
If a codon encodes for a stop codon, type STOP.
When inputting your sequence, separate each amino acid with a hyphen (e.g. Ser-Tyr-STOP).
You will need to consult the genetic code to answer this question.
QUESTION 12
Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8.
Question 12:
(1 mark each)
In reference to the original sequence (shown in Question 8), classify each type of mutation present from Questions 9 to 11. Choose the best option for each.
mutation #1
mutation #2
mutation #3
base substitution - silent mutation
insertion - frameshift mutation
deletion - frameshift mutation
base substitution - missense mutation
base substitution - nonsense mutation
QUESTION 13
Questions 9 to 13 are in reference to the DNA sequence shown in Question 8.
Question 13:
Most mutations have a neutral effect on the phenotype, function or survival of an organism because they do not elicit any noticeable change. Whereas other mutations can have a positive effect on an organism leading to new versions of proteins that help an organism adapt to changes in its environment; while other mutations can have a negative effect on the organism and result in a protein that does not function normally or at all.
Answer the following questions based on the responses you gave above in Questions 8 to 12.
(a) Based on the protein sequences that were produced as a result of mutation #1, mutation #2, or mutation #3, describe the effect, if any, these mutations would likely have on the function of the protein within the cell. Support your answer. (3 marks)
(b) If these mutations occurred within a germline cell and not a somatic cell, how would the effects of these mutations differ? (2 marks)
mutation #1
-mutation #2
mutation #3
A.base substitution - silent mutation
B.insertion - frameshift mutation
C.deletion - frameshift mutation
D.base substitution - missense mutation
E.base substitution - nonsense mutation
Explanation / Answer
According to the Chegg Q&A Guidelines, the first four questions(i.e question 8, 9, 10 and 11) have been answered.
Question 8:
(a) The original (or unmutated) DNA sequence:
3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
5’ ATGTGGAACCGCTGCTGA 3’
Here the template strand is 3’ TACACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
So, the mRNA sequence is 5' AUGUGGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'
Explanation: The formation of RNA from DNA takes place through a process called transcription. In this process, RNA polymerase starts adding the ribonucleotides from the 3' end of the template DNA strand. In RNA there are four types of nitrogenous bases and these are Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil (in RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil). Adenine base pairs with uracil and guanine base pairs with cytosine.
(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,
N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus.
Explanation: Using the mRNA sequence protein formation takes place through a process called translation with the help of ribosome and tRNA. Ribosome reads the mRNA from 5' end to the 3' end. The tRNAs (adaptor molecules) recognize groups of three consecutive nucleotides known as codons.
Therefore, the amino acid sequence of the protein is
N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus.
Note that we have consulted the genetic code.
Question 9:
(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACATCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 1) is 5' AUGUAGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'
Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.
(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,
N-terminus Met-STOP C-terminus
Explanation: As the tRNA recognizes the stop codon (5' UAG 3') therefore, here the translation process will get terminated. So, the amino acids for those next codons would not be added to the protein.
Question 10:
(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT 5’
The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 2) is 5' AUGCUGGAACCGCUGCUGA 3'
Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.
(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,
N-terminus Met-Leu-Glu-Pro-Leu-Leu C-terminus
Explanation: The tRNA will not recognize the endmost single nucleotide.
Question 11:
(a) The original (unmutated) DNA sequence has been mutated to the following (this represents the template strand):
3’ TACACCTTAGCGACGACT 5’
The mutated mRNA sequence (for #mutation 3) is 5' AUGUGGAAUCGCUGCUGA 3'
Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.
(b) The amino acid sequence of the protein is,
N-terminus Met-Trp-Asn-Arg-Cys-STOP C-terminus
Explanation: The same explanation we have mentioned earlier for the question 8.
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