Arctic Ice Bear Evolution by Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, and Natural Selection Pur

Question

Arctic Ice Bear Evolution by Genetic Drift, Gene Flow, and Natural Selection Purpose: To simulate the change of allele frequencies in a population using different mechanisms of evolution. Background: Evolution in populations is measured by changes in allele frequency from generation to seneration. Under the conditions specifed in the Hardy Weinberg mol populations, no migration, no selection, no mutation), the genetic frequencies should not change. Expected allele frequencies at equilabrium can be calculated using the following Hardy-Weinberg equation when p A and q o: For example, if there are 100 alleles in a population (So individuals), and 50% are dominant (A) and 50% are recessive (a), we can predict the frequency of genotypes in the population. p(A)-50% or .5 q(o) " 50% or .5 Populations can evolve over generations of time through one of four mechanisms of change: natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, or mutation. Changes through mutation take too long to simulate in the lab, therefore they will be left out in this activity In this actvity, a population of a fictional species (the Arctic Ice Bear) will evolve by means of genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection. The allele frequencies will recorded over several generations and compared. Before beginning the simulation, make predictions about how you expect the allele frequencies to change over time and record these predictions on the data sheet. Also determine which bean will represent the dominant allele and which bean will represent the recessive allele. Record this on the data sheet and keep it the same for each simulation. Materials (per group of 3-4 students): 100-120 Dry beans x two different colors (approximately the same size)-200-240 beans [can use marbles, beads, or other similar sorting material 2 Plastic Cups or Beakers to hold beans and keep separated Tray or bin for sorting beans Brown Paper Bag Plastic baggie

Explanation / Answer

1.

Genetic drift

Gene flow.

Natural selection

(For question 2 , 3 and 4 data needed from the simulation performed. )

5.

6.

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