Question 15-3: Compare and contrast the relative importance of genetic and cultu

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Question 15-3: Compare and contrast the relative importance of genetic and cultural adaptation to: a) The availability of milk from domestic animals. b) Low levels of ultraviolet light at higher latitudes. Question 15-4: One of the assumptions in determining broad- ense heritability is that there is no genotype-environment eraction, where the effect of the genotype depends on the nt ment.Iignoring genotype-environment interactions will nflate the value fate t ental variance (Ve).Giving examples. this assumption is for human populations, affect estimates of broad-sense heritability value of e nviron and how it could affect estim

Explanation / Answer

15-3

a) Availability of milk from domestic animals :

Humans adapted to digest milk by producing the enzyme called lactase. It happened when domestication of animals started in early human life. Only new born babies could digest lactose in milk but once milk become staple food for adults after domestication of animals like cow and goat, mutation in genes helped to produce lactase.Thus, cultural and genetic changes has made humans to digest lactose.

b) Low levels of ultraviolet light at higher latitudes :

The Sun has to pass greater distance at the high latitudes so the level of ultraviolet light is less. In early human life when people migrated to higher latitudes had less exposure to sunlight and therefore the human body adapted to produce less or no melanin pigment which protects from UV rays of Sun. Thus, low levels of ultraviolet light at higher latitudes lead to the adaptation of the human skin to produce less or no melanin pigment.

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