Urinary System Lab Activity: Urinalysis Background Urinalysis, the physical, che

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Urinary System Lab Activity: Urinalysis Background Urinalysis, the physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis or examination of urine can provide information about a person's carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes), kidney and liver function, acid-base balance, and urinary tract infections. Different measurements including specific gravity, pH, and the concentrations of several different components of urine are used in the diagnosis of different diseases. Some of the substances measured, such as protein or glucose, are rarely if ever present at detectable levels in the urine of a healthy person. Other parameters, such as specific gravity (a measure of total solutes...distilled water has a specific gravity- 1) and pH, fluctuate over a wide range depending on diet, health status, and fluid intake. The table below presents expected normal urinalysis test values and explains the significance of each parameter measured. Note: The only parameters that are included in the chart are those used in today's lab. y Expected range/Significance of pesitive test for abmermal range) light to dark yellowd redness due to blood from glomeralar injary infections transparent,not cloudy (not turbid) possible infection (presence of leocye slightly aromatic, but not fruity or like accione, no ammonia/eosis ossie negative /possible diabetes melli negativel inflammatiowinjwry ofurogenital tract or kidngx, menstnal comtanination .6-8.0, normal or abnormal/continuossly very acidic arine may indicate cidosi continowsly very alkaline arine may indicate akalosis or mcreial nfectnion to advanced diabetes mellitus Unfortunately, there was a mix-up at a nearby laboratory. Due to a back-up of samples at the lab that need to be re-tested, your class was selected to confirm the results that they obtained. You will be provided with five different urine samples and the results of your class's controlled tests. You will analyze those results and match them to the correct patients. Tests Performed 1) pH paper-color changes from orange depending on pH, key is on the side of package 2) Benedict's solution turns from blue to orange (when heated), if glucose is present ) Biuret reagent-turns from dark blue to pink/purple if protein is present DO NOT HEAT 4) Silver nitrate forms a white precipitate in the presence of excess chloride ions 5) Urine color- don't forget to observe the color and clarity of the sample RELEASES TOXIC FUMES! Patient Descriptions:

Explanation / Answer

1. Urine sample A is having high glucose concentration in the urine as urine solution get turn into orange color. In the ideal situation, the urine color does not change. In the urine sample 2,3,4,5 glucose level is normal.

2. Salt test is used to find out the presence of sodium chloride in the urine. In urine sample D, salt amount is high as urine give white precipitate whereas in rest of the patient salt level is normal.

3. Biuret test is used to identify peptides bonds presence in a sample. In this way it is used to find the amount of protein in a sample. In the given test, second patient is showing high amount of protein in the urine sample as it change into pink/purple.In rest of the patient, the protein level is normal.

4. pH of the urine is slightly acidic that is 6. As, the urine sample sample 3 is showing slightly basic, it means this patient is extremely dehydrated. Rest all patients urine pH is normal.

5. Urine color is yellow due to presence of urochrome in urine. As, the urine sample 2 and 3 have urine as cloudy orange and cloudy yellow , these two patient have going through blood pressure and kidney disease.  

6. Patient no. 4 is used as control because she has no visible symptoms in the urine sample.

7. It is important to perform a test on normal urine sample because this will give the normal range of glucose, proteins,ph , color of a normal urine of healthy patient.

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