4 Reactons invoiked in the igh indeendent reactions of photbsynihes A. the Citri

Question

4 Reactons invoiked in the igh indeendent reactions of photbsynihes A. the Citric Acid Cycle B. the Entner-Doudoroft Pathway C. the Calvin-Benson Cycle D. Cyclic reactions of photosynthesis include 25. Which of the following molecules the used to produce a number of chemically related products? is the most divergent or most common substrate that can be A. fatty acids B. glucose C pyruvate D acetyl COA EC&D; 26. Which of the tollowing is NOT true of termentation? A. It regenerates the NAD+ needed for cellular respiration. B. It produces two ATP per glucose. C. Products include acetone, ethanol, lactic acid, and propionic acid D, It is the partial oxidation of sugar to release energy using an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor E. All of the above statements are true 27 Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors such as amino acids, fatty acids is called E. lipolysis A glycolysis B. gluconeogenesis C. glycogenolysis D transamination emiosmosis involves the flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient across a 28. Ch membrane through ATP synthase to produce ATP T orF 29. Where are the photosystems located in photosynthetic prokaryotes? A. in the inner membrane of a chloroplast B. in the stroma of a chloroplast C. in invaginations of the cell membrane D. in the cytoplasm 30. Cells regulate metabolism by controlling gene expression or metabolic expression. The prior may include controlling the presence of channel proteins and enzymes, sequestering reactions in organelles (eukaryotes), and feedback inhibition. T or F T or F 31. The entire genetic complement of an organism is called its genome. 32 Which of the following is NOT TRUE of DNA? A. The two trands are anti-parallel B. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are nucleotide bases C. The backbone is made up of deoxyribose sugar and nucleotide bases. D. The phosphate is found at the 5' end of each strand E. The strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases. 33. The process indicated by the arrow in the figure below represents A. lagging strand synthesis B. leading strand synthesis C. transcription D. translation E. homologous recombination

Explanation / Answer

24 Calvin Benson cycle or C4 cycle. It is also called the dark cycle. This cycle does not require the presence of light and utilises the products synthesised in the 1st part which is the light dependant cycle. It is called the light independent cycle because it does not directly depend on the presence of Sunlight.

26. All the options are correct. The final acceptor in the fermentation process is acetaldehyde like pyruvate which is an organic compound. The NAD+ regeneration is necessary to drive the process of glycolysis anaerobically. 2 ATP are generated whole conversion of Glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvate in the first step of fermentation.

27 B. Gluconeogenesis

28 TRUE. CHEMIOSMOSIS is a process where ions move across a semipermeable membrane, like that of the membrane of Mitochondria, along their electrochemical gradient and in this process ATP is synthesized from ATP Synthase using this enegen gradient created across the membrane due to the ions.

29. In cytoplasm. Photosynthetic prokaryotes do not have any Complex organelles like chloroplast. So the photosynthetic process occurs in the cytoplasm itself.

30 False. Gene expression means that the expression pattern is regulated for the process. Controlling of gene expression means that the product of the gene is not expressed or translated. Here, presence of channel proteins and enzymes sequestering reactions these are all part of metabolic regulation.

32. E is false. The strands are held together in place by hydrogen bond between the nitrogenous bases.

33. A. Leading strand synthesis is taking place by DNA polymerase.

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