LAB The Central Dogma of Genetics BACKGROUND DNA is the genetic material; meanin
ID: 133989 • Letter: L
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LAB The Central Dogma of Genetics BACKGROUND DNA is the genetic material; meaning DNA stores the information that a cell needs to form its proteins. The proteins which are produced, along with envi- ronmental factors, eventually determine the phenotype or appearance of an organism. The flow of information from the DNA through the RNA to the Protein is known as the Central Dogma of Genetics. The process of transcribing RNA molecules from a DNA Template is known as Transcription. The DNA sequence of the gene will determine the sequence of the mRNA molecule which is produced from transcription. The mRNA molecule will be complementary to the DNA template and its sequence can be determined by following the comple- mentary base-pairing rules. Remember that DNA has the bases A,T,C, and G; and A pairs with T and C pairs with G. RNA has the bases A,U,C, and G; and A pairs with U and C pairs with G. If you have a DNA/RNA Hybrid, A on the DNA will pair with U on the RNA, all of the other base pairing will be the same. The mRNA molecule is the result of transcription, and is complementary to the DNA template strand. The mRNA molecule is then transferred to the cytoplasm where it is translated to form a polypeptide chain with a specific amino acid sequence (protein). The molecule responsible for translating the mRNA sequence into an amino acid sequence is tRNA. tRNA has two binding sites the anticodon (which is complimentary to the codon sequences of the mRNA) and the amino acid binding site. The tRNA molecule translates each codon of the mRNA into a specific amino acid, except for the stop codons, which signal the end of translation. Unlike life on Earth, the fictitious organisms we will be studying in this lab do not have start or stop codons marking the beginning and ending of their mRNA molecules. PROTOCOL 1. In this lab activity, you will be given the template DNA sequence of a chro- mosome for a fictitious organism. From this DNA sequence you will need to determine the complementary mRNA sequence. 2. You will use the mRNA sequence to determine which tRNA anticodon sequences will be complementary to the mRNA.Explanation / Answer
DNA: ACC GGT TAT AGC CGA GGG TTT AAC AAA GGA CGC CGA GGG AGG AAA ATC ATC CTA
mRNA has complementary base pairs of DNA in which Bases are A,U,G,C.(U is in place of T when mRNA formed)
mRNA: UGG CCA AUA UCG GCU CCC AAA UUG UUU CCU GCG GCU CCC UCC UUU UAG UAG GAU
tRNA anticodon (it has complementary bases of mRNA sequences ): ACC GGU UAU AGC CGA GGG UUU AAC AAA GGA CGC CGA GGG AGG AAA AUC AUC CUA
amino acids: 20 12 13 16 2 5 9 4 8 11 3 25 7 86 6 10
Trait: (hairy) (four legged) (tail) (triangle eyes) (block head) (male)
Others parts will be same as this is solved.
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