The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there
ID: 1321646 • Letter: T
Question
The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown in the figure. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel.
The voltage produced by a single nerve or muscle cell is quite small, but there are many species of fish that use multiple action potentials in series to produce significant voltages. The electric organs in these fish are composed of specialized disk-shaped cells called electrocytes. The cell at rest has the usual potential difference between the inside and the outside, but the net potential difference across the cell is zero. An electrocyte is connected to nerve fibers that initially trigger a depolarization in one side of the cell but not the other. For the very short time of this depolarization, there is a net potential difference across the cell, as shown in the figure. Stacks of these cells connected in series can produce a large total voltage. Each stack can produce a small current; for more total current, more stacks are needed, connected in parallel. In an electric eel, each electrocyte can develop a voltage of 154mV for a short time. For a total voltage of 462V , how many electrocytes must be connected in series? 300 462 1540 3000 Part B An electric eel produces a pulse of current of 0.820A at a voltage of 530V . For the short time of the pulse, what is the instantaneous power? 435W 535W 660W 869W Part C Electric eels live in fresh water. The torpedo ray is an electric fish that lives in salt water. The electrocytes in the ray are grouped differently than in the eel: each stack of electrocytes has fewer cells, but there are more stacks in parallel. Which of the following best explains the rays electrocyte arrangement? The lower resistivity of salt water requires more current but lower voltage. The lower resistivity of salt water requires more voltage but lower current. The higher resistivity of salt water requires more current but lower voltage. The higher resistivity of salt water requires more voltage but lower current. Part D The electric catfish is another electric fish that produces a voltage pulse by means of stacks of electrocytes. As the fish grows in length, the magnitude of the voltage pulse the fish produces grows as well. What is the best explanation for this change? As the fish grows, the voltage produced by each electrocyte increases. As the fish grows, more electrocytes are added to each stack. As the fish grows, more stacks of electrocytes are added in parallel to the existing stacks. As the fish grows, the thickness of the electrocytes increases.Explanation / Answer
A.) 462/(154*10^-3)=3000
B.)530*.820=434.6=435 W
C.) The higher resistivity requires lower current and higher voltage.
D.) 3
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