001 Silicon is the main ingredient of both glass and semiconductor materials. Wh

Question

001 Silicon is the main ingredient of both glass and semiconductor materials. Why are the physical properties of glass different from those of semiconductors?

1. The silicon atoms in semiconductors are bonded with oxygen atoms to form a crystal; in semiconductors the silicon is pure and thus forms the amorphous structure.

2. Silicon has no effect on the properties of glass and semiconductors.

3. The silicon atoms in semiconductors form a crystal; in glass they are bonded with oxygen atoms to form the amorphous silicon dioxide.

4. The silicon in glass does not have elec- trons, while the silicon in semiconductors does.

002 The three main rock types are distinguished on the basis of which of the following charac- teristics?

I) composition

II) texture

III) size and shape of mineral or rock grains

1. I only

2. III only

3. I, II and III

4. I and II only

5. II only

003 Which of the following are all examples of minerals?

1. petroleum, coal, iron, feldspar, basalt

2. water, mercury, metallic hydrogen, lime-stone

3. copper, ice, quartz, topaz, diamond, corundum

4. gold, silver, uranium, lead, silica, iron

5. bronze, steel, glass, aluminium, pencil lead

004 Common examples of sulfide and sulfate minerals, respectively, are

1. galena and pyrite.

2. fluorite and pyrite.

3. galena and gypsum.

4. galena and hematite.

5. gypsum and anhydrite.

005 Cleavage is defined as

1. None of these

2. planes of a fracture resulting from strong bonds.

3. smooth, flat, reflective surfaces.

4. planes of weak bonds along which a mineral splits.

5. surfaces of a smooth, curved fracture.

006 Minerals originate from crystallization of

1. molten magma.

2. All of these

3. chemical alteration of pre-existing minerals.

4. hydrothermal solutions.

5. seawater.

007 Which of the following is an example of a mineral resource?

1. sand

2. salt

3. All of these

4. gold

5. petroleum

008 For minerals classified within any one silicate group, which of the following is true?

1. None of these

2. They have similar physical properties.

3. They have similar chemical compositions.

4. They have similar arrangements of silicate tetrahedra.

5. They have similar bonds.

009 Dolomite belongs to which mineral group?

1. sulfates

2. sulfides

3. halides

4. carbonates

010 For what is chromium commonly used?

1. catalytic converters

2. aluminum ore

3. brake linings and lubricants

4. carbide-cutting tool parts

5. wiring

6. stainless steel

011 When metals react with oxygen they form

1. new elements

2. oxides

3. metalloids

4. halides

012 Limestone structures made of the skeletal structures of living organisms are

1. organic reefs.

2. organic colonies.

3. inorganic reefs.

4. inorganic colonies.

5. None of these

013 The rock cycle is an illustration of three different rock types and

1. their potential change over time.

2. their relation to internal and external processes.

3. All of these

4. their environments of formation.

014 Which of the following best describes sedimentary rocks?

1. deposition of ash and larger particles produced by volcanism

2. compaction and cementation of rock fragments, precipitates, and organic matter

3. weathering, transport, and deposition of sediment from pre-existing rock

4. alteration of sediment by heat, pressure,and chemical activity of water

015 Precipitation from solution is a characteristic of which type of rock?

1. sedimentary

2. igneous

3. metamorphic

016 Plutonic rocks form

I) below the surface of the ground.

II) above the surface of the ground.

III) by crystallization of magmas intruded into surrounding rocks.

1. II only

2. I only

3. I and III only

4. I, II and III

5. III only

017 A sill is a

1. concordant, tabular body of intrusive igneous rocks that warps rocks upward.

2. concordant, tabular body of intrusive igneous rocks.

3. discordant, tabular body of intrusive igneous rocks.

4. discordant, massive body of intrusive igneous rocks.

5. concordant, tabular body of extrusive igneous rocks.

018 An example of a shield volcano is

1. Mount St. Helens.

2. Mount Shasta.

3. Mount Mazama.

4. Fujiyama.

5. Kilauea.

019 An example of a composite volcano is

1. Nevado del Ruiz, Columbia.

2. Mount Vesuvius, Italy.

3. All of these

4. Fujiyama, Japan.

5. Mount St. Helens, Washinton.

020 Weathering is classified into which of the following categories?

1. mechanistic and compositional

2. mechanical and physical

3. physical and chemical

4. organic and inorganic

5. chemical and mechanical

021 The rounding and sorting of detrital sediment is a function of

I) the transport process or mechanism.

II) the transport distance.

III) depositional environment.

1. I only

2. II only

3. II and III only

4. I, II and III

5. III only

022 Sedimentary rocks include

1. any layered rock consisting of grains.

2. rocks which have been altered by compression.

3. any material which has settled from water.

4. rocks which have been weathered.

5. organic, rock and mineral fragments, and precipitated minerals.

023 10.0 During the process of lithification, sedimentary rocks experience which of the following?

I) cementation

II) compaction

III) dereased void space

1. II only

2. I only

3. III only

4. I and II only

5. I, II and III

024 Metamorphism is physical and chemical change that occurs in such a way that

1. the rock reaches equilibrium with its new environment.

2. a dynamic equilibrium is reached.

3. equilibrium with the new environment is disturbed.

4. disequilibrium is reached with the new physical and chemical environment.

5. the rock

Explanation / Answer

2) 3. I, II and III

3) 3. copper, ice, quartz, topaz, diamond, corundum

4) 5. gypsum and anhydrite.

The most common hydrous sulfate by far is gypsum,  The anhydrous equivalent of gypsum is anhydrite

5) 1. None of these

Cleavage, in structural geology and petrology, describes a type of planar rock feature that develops as a result of deformation and metamorphism

6) 2. All of these

7) 4. gold

8) 4. They have similar arrangements of silicate tetrahedra.

9) 4. carbonates

10) 3. brake linings and lubricants

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