1) Discuss the guidelines for dietary intake during lactation. What supplements

Question

1)    Discuss the guidelines for dietary intake during lactation. What supplements would you recommend mom be taking during lactation and why? List contraindicated nutrients during lactation.

2)    Discuss the composition of breast milk and its relationship to energy needs of an infant. Compare breast milk to formula. Discuss the different types of formulas available. What are the concerns, for infant development, if a mother wanted to feed her baby cow or goat milk instead of breast milk or formula?

Explanation / Answer

question no:2

the composition of breast milk

bacterial contamination

anti-infective substances

none

antibodies

leucocytes

lactoferrin

bifidus factor

protein

total

casein

lactalbumen

1%

0.5%

0.5%

amino-acids

cystine

taurine

enough for growing

brain

fat

total

saturation of fatty acids

linoleic acid(essential)

cholesterol

4%(average)

enough unsaturated

enough for growing brain

enough

salts(mEq/l)

sodium

chloride

potassium

6.5 correct amount

12 correct amount

14 correct amount

minerals (mg/l)

calcium

phosphate

350 correct amount

150 correct amount

small amount

well absorbed

enough

enough

no extra needed

energy requirements:

colostrum- highly nutritious,prevents hospital/ maternity home infections, prevents diarrhea, pneumonia and other infections in the newborn period, rich in vitamin k that prevents bleeding in newborn babies.

rich in building omega 3 fatty acids which are responsible for brain growth

enough cholesterol , unsaturated fatty acid are present

soft easily digestible

lactoferrin is present

lyzosome is present

rich in brain developing and growth factors

beter absorption of iron,zinc and calcium

more selenium

less absorption of iron,zinc and calcium

less selenium

types of formula feeds:

they are 3 types of formula feeding:

1. cow milk protein based formula

2. soya based formula

3. protein hydrolaste formula

concerns for infant development:

1. more diarrhea and respiratory infections

2. persistent diarrhea

3. malnutrition vitamin A deficiency

4. more likely to die

5. may become pregnant sooner

6. more allergy and milk tolerance

7. increased risk of some chronic diseases

8. overweight

9. lower scores on intelligence test

10. increased risk of anemia, ovarian and breast cancer

11. more infectins to babies

question no:1

1. mother can take all types of foods.

2. more fluid diet should take

3. highly nutritious food like protein and carbohydarate foods.

4. calcium rich foods - to increase bone density

5. vitamin d foods- to avoid hypovitaminosis

6. iron rich foods- to increases hemoglobin level

7.animal foods vitamin B12 foods- to increase neurological function

foods which are contraindicated:

1. cow's milk

2. soya milk

3. coffee

4. peanuts

5. wheat

6. corn

7. eggs

8. alcohol

9. peppermint

these are all common allergens which affect infant during lactation.

composition of breast milk s.no components breast milk composition 1.

bacterial contamination

anti-infective substances

none

antibodies

leucocytes

lactoferrin

bifidus factor

2

protein

total

casein

lactalbumen

1%

0.5%

0.5%

3.

amino-acids

cystine

taurine

enough for growing

brain

4.

fat

total

saturation of fatty acids

linoleic acid(essential)

cholesterol

4%(average)

enough unsaturated

enough for growing brain

enough

5. lipase to digest fat present 6. lactose (sugar) 7% enough 7.

salts(mEq/l)

sodium

chloride

potassium

6.5 correct amount

12 correct amount

14 correct amount

8.

minerals (mg/l)

calcium

phosphate

350 correct amount

150 correct amount

9. iron

small amount

well absorbed

enough

10. vitamins enough 11. water

enough

no extra needed

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