Valid (accurate) measures are important for surveillance systems. Which followin

Question

Valid (accurate) measures are important for surveillance systems. Which following factor would not be an absolute requirement for a surveillance system to be useful?

Question 24 options:

Attention to attendance pattern differences based on distance, cost, & access.

Being sure that there is absolutely complete and total reporting of all cases.

Being aware if new screening tests are introduced at some point in time.

Being sure that completeness of reporting is similar for geographic regions that are being compared.

The case definition for a specific infectious disease that is used for epidemiologic surveillance purposes may be different than a case definition for the same disease used for clinical purposes (used by physicians to diagnose and treat the infection).

Question 25 options:

Notifiable diseases are those that have recommended reporting on a national level while reportable diseases are those that state laws require to be reported.

Question 26 options:

Attention to attendance pattern differences based on distance, cost, & access.

Being sure that there is absolutely complete and total reporting of all cases.

Being aware if new screening tests are introduced at some point in time.

Being sure that completeness of reporting is similar for geographic regions that are being compared.

Explanation / Answer

Disease surveillance helps to monitor the spread of the disease and to establish pattern of progression. It is an epidemiological practice that aims to predict, observe and minimise the harm caused by epidemic, outbreak situations.

There are various factor that affect the process of disease surveillance.

This may be important factor for comparing but it is not so important when disease surveillance is in consideration.

True

The case definition for a specific infectious disease used for epidemiological surveillance purposes and clinical purposes are different. Clinical diagnosis may give priority to specific laboratory test values and confirmatory signs and considering individual health needs. Epidemiological surveillance case definition is more generalised to capture majorly reflected symptoms. The main purpose is to screen patient based on initial presentation of symptoms rather than confirmatory diagnosis. There is a set uniform criteria used to define a disease for epidemiological surveillance purposes.

Though this may depend on the type of case.

True

Reportable disease cases have to be reported to state and territorial jurisdictions mandatorily, as and when identified by the provider, hospital or lab. It helps in identifying cases for immediate disease control and prevention. The list for reportable diseases may vary from state to state and over time. Each state has its own laws and regulations for such cases.

Notifiable disease cases on other hand can be voluntarily reported to national authorities by state or territorial jurisdictions. These information contribute to nationwide aggregation and monitoring of disease data. These are necessary for monitoring the disease trends, identify high risk population and to formulate prevention and control strategies. The list of notifiable disease may vary over time and by state.

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