These are more nutrition related questions but nursing was the closest category,

Question

These are more nutrition related questions but nursing was the closest category,

Emma, eight months old, was born at 32 weeks gestation with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder and a heart murmur due to maternal alcohol abuse. She has lived with a foster mother, who would like to adopt her, since she was two months old. Emma has had multiple complications from her premature birth (e.g., needing to be tube fed via a nasogastric tube for the first eight weeks of life) that have necessitated the use of tubes in her nose and throat. This has resulted in an aversion to having anything placed in her mouth including a feeding tube or a spoon. Emma has been fed regular infant formula through a gastrostomy tube since she was two months old. Her current weight is 15 pounds 5 ounces and her length is 26”. Emma’s foster mother is looking forward to starting solid foods with Emma this week per her pediatrician’s advice

1. How does the daily EER of an infant born before 34 weeks of gestation compare to the daily EER of late preterm (born between 34 and 37 weeks of gestation) and term infants (born at or after 37 weeks gestation)?

2.  Calculate Emma’s calorie and protein needs based on her current age.

3.How does an infant’s daily fat requirements compare to those of older children and adults?

Explanation / Answer

1. The daily Estimated Energy Requirement varies for early preterm infants(born before 34 weeks of gestation), late preterm infants (born between 34 -37 weeks of gestation ) and term infants(born after 37 weeks of gestation). Scientific advisory committee recommended energy requirement for early preterm infants are estimated to be 110 -135 kcal/ kg/day and for late preterm infants should consume100 -130 kcal/ kg/ day. A term infant need to take 96 - 120 kcal/ kg/day  .

2. For the normal growth of a low birth weight preterm infant, energy intake should be 125-130kcal/kg/d and protien intake should be 3.5-4g/KG/Day. According to this, emma require 868-903kcal energy and 24.5-27.8grams of protien per day. (her weight is 6.95kg)

3. An infant between age 0 to6 months require 31 grams of fat per day and babies between 6months to 12 months of age should consunme 30 grams of fat per day. This recomendation include 500 milligrams of omega 3 fatty acids for all infants. In case of older children, between 1 -3 years of age require to consume 30 - 40% of fat of their total calories per day . Based on that toddlers should consume 35 to 40 grams of fat per day as their energy requirement s 1000 kcal per day. For children above 4 years of age should take 25 -35npercentage of fat of their total daily calory intake. It would be 33 -78grams of fat for children between 4 - 8 years , 39 - 101 gram fat for children between 9 - 13 years and 50 -125 gram for children between 14 -18 years of age.This requirement i s based on the recommended daily energy requirement of children with age.

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