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Read the methods and results sections of the report by Kim et al., (Dietary approaches to stop hypertension). Answer the following questions:

Reference

Kim, H., Song, H., Han, H., Kim, K. B., & Kim, M. T. (2013, Nov/Dec). Translation and validation of the dietary approaches to stop hypertension for koreans intervention. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 28(6), 514-523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0b013e318262c0c1

1) Is the design for this study experimental, quasi-experimental, or non-experimental?

2) What were the independent and dependent variables in this study?

3) Was randomization used? What was the unit of randomization?

4) Which of the methods of research control described in this chapter were used to control confounding variables?

5) Could history be a threat to the internal validity of this study?

6) Was there any attrition in this study?

7) Could mortality have been a threat to internal validity?

8) Could the threat of maturation be relevant in this study?

9) Is this study strong in internal validity? What, if any, are the threats to internal validity of this study?

10) Is this study strong in construct validity? What, if any, are the threats to the construct validity of this study?

11) Is this study strong on external validity? What, if any, are the threats to the external validity of this study?

Explanation / Answer

1) The experimental research design should involves manipulation of independent variables, randomized selection of samples and control.

Quasi experimental research design are non randomized studies. But there will be comparison of experimental and control groups.

Non experimental research design does not involve manipulation of groups.

Here in this study we can able to see that the 30 Korean Americans were selected by purposive sampling, KA-DASH intervention is done on the group. Pre test and Post test were conducted. And there is no control group available.

So as per these details we can able to assume that the research design used here is a Pre Experimental - one group pre test post test design.

In Pre experimental one-group pretest-posttest design a single group is observed before the intervention and after the intervention. The result will be the changes in the outcome after the intervention. Here there is no control or comparison group is employed.

2) A dependent variable is the variable that we are testing and measuring in an experiment. And an independent variable is the one which is changed or controlled in an experiment to find out the effects on dependent variable.

Here Dependent variable is High Blood Pressure and Independent variable is DASH for Korean American.

3) Purposive sampling was used for selecting 30 samples in this study. No randomization used. Please go through the Methodology part.

4) The design here used is Pre experimental One group Pre and Post test and it does not involves any control. They provided Structured group education and Individual counselling sessions for better compliance and reduce bias. No other active control methods are observed to control confounding variables.

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