ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS DON\'T ANSWER IF YOU CANT ANSWER ALL I NEED THEM WELL EXPLA

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ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS DON'T ANSWER IF YOU CANT ANSWER ALL I NEED THEM WELL EXPLAINED THANKS

This week, we will examine a case study about smokers in Poland. As noted in Levine (2007), prior to 1989, Poland had the highest rate of smoking in the world, with three-fourths of all men aged 20-60 smoking every day at a rate of 3,500 cigarettes per person per year. It should be noted that 30% of all women smoked every day, as well. This behavior resulted in a life expectancy of about 60 years due to the highest rates of lung cancer in the world and all-time high levels of smoking-related cancers and cardiovascular and respiratory disease.

To prepare , you will be required to read Case 14 in Levine and complete readings in Stanhope and Lancaster, then respond to the following questions

What happened to change the culture of smoking in Poland?

Understanding that we all have bias when discussing health issues and precipitating factors, what social and political factors allowed cigarette smoking to become a part of the Polish culture?

Reflecting on your own practice, how do you overcome cultural bias? Do you find it more difficult to deal with some groups than others? How do people use the cultural information that they learn about others? Do you think this leads to stereotyping? Does cultural knowledge influence or change your practice and interaction with others?

Explanation / Answer

Tobacco smoking remained the main solitary preventable reason of untimely death in Poland. In the 1970s and 1980s, Poland stood a nation with a tremendously great occurrence of smoking and lung cancer death amid men in the domain. By 1990, above 40% of Polish men expired impulsively from smoking-attributed illnesses. Poland had the uppermost degree of smoking in the world. Closely three-quarters of Polish men aged 20 to 60 smoked each time. In 1990, the likelihood that a 15-year-old boy born in Poland would stretch his 60th birth­day was inferior to in most nations, and middle-aged Polish menfolk had one of the uppermost amounts of lung cancer in the world. In 1995, the Polish assembly approved revolutionary tobacco-control lawmaking, which included:

-the obligation of the largest fitness notices on cigarette cartons in the world;

-a prohibition on smoking in health hubs and enclosed workstations;

-a prohibition on electric media announcement; and

-a prohibition on tobacco auctions to juveniles.

Health education movements and the "Great Polish Smoke-Out" have also elevated consciousness about the hazards of smoking and have reinvigorated Poles to quit. Cigarette ingestion plummeted 10 percent between 1990 and 1998, and the amount of chain-smokers weakened from 14 million in the 1980s to under 10 million at the end of the 1990s. The decrease in smoking led to:

-10,000 fewer demises each time;

-a 30 out of a hundred weakening in lung cancer amongst men aged 20 to 44;

-a closely 7 percent debility in cardiovascular illness; and

-a lessening in low-slung birth weight.

Relationships are influential. Our one-to-one influences with each other are the substance for alteration. And structure relations with people from dissimilar philosophies, often many dissimilar cultures, is key in structure diverse groups that are influential sufficient to attain important goals. Culture is continuously an influence in battle, whether it shows a dominant role or inspirations it faintly and mildly. For any battle that traces us where it substances, where we brand sense and hold our individualities, there is continuously an ethnic constituent. Obdurate battles like the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or the India-Pakistan conflict over Kashmir are not just about regional, border, and dominion issues -- they are also about salutation, depiction, and legitimization of different individualities and ways of existing, being, and making sense. Conflicts amid teenagers and parentages are shaped by generational values, and conflicts between spouses or partners are prejudiced by gender culture. In governments, battles arising from different punitive cultures intensify tensions between co-workers, creating stressed or imprecise message and stressed relations. Culture infuses conflict no matter what occasionally assertive out with strength, other times silently snaky along, hardly proclaiming its attendance until surprised persons nearly blunder on it. Though ethos is tangled with battle, some methods to conflict resolve minimalize cultural subjects and effects. Since philosophy is like an iceberg largely submerged it is significant to include it in our studies and interferences. Icebergs misunderstood can be unsafe, and it is incredible to make selections about them if we don't know their size or place. Admitting culture and transporting national fluency to fights can help all kinds of people make more deliberate, adaptive selections.

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