Donald Trump has shown that he is not afraid to change how politics works in thi

Question

Donald Trump has shown that he is not afraid to change how politics works in this country. He decides to change the dietary standards to a low-carbohydrate style of nutrition and he consults with you in regards to potential changes in our physical activity guidelines and he wants your thoughts on his dietary changes. What changes (nutritional and/or physical activity) if any are you going to recommend to President (Trump)? Also consider the following question: Would a switch to a low-carbohydrate diet style of nutrition require a change in the physical activity guidelines? Be specific and explain your logic. Include 2 scientific papers to support your answer.

Explanation / Answer

Physical activity:

Physical activity provides long-term health benefits for everyone by being active. Due to this we will burn calories that you store from eating throughout the day. Physical activity, along with proper nutrition, is beneficial to people of all ages, backgrounds, and abilities. And it is important that everyone gets active: over the last 20 years, there's been a significant increase in obesity in the United States. About one-third of U.S. adults (33.8%) are obese and approximately 17% (or 12.5 million) of children and adolescents (aged 2-19 years) are obese

Being physically active can help you:

Increase your chances of living longer

Feel better about yourself

Decrease your chances of becoming depressed

Sleep well at night

Move around more easily

Have stronger muscles and bones

Low calorie diet:

A low calorie diet gives a target intake of calories each day. A low calorie diet referred to as a calorie restricted diet, provides a steady way to achieve weight loss and is usually a key part of weight loss. A low calorie diet is commonly advised for anyone people with diabetes that is overweight to some degree. An eating plan is generally considered “low carbohydrate” if it contains less than 130 grams per day.

The NHS (National Health Service) defines a low calorie (kcal) diet of:

Between 1,000 and 1,500 calories per day for women

Between 1,500 and 2,000 calories per day for men

The calorie target is designed to be less than the calories your body will expend (through organ functions and activity) through the day, therefore causing your body to break down body fat to cover the calorie short fall.

A diet that was very low in carbohydrate and high in fat and calories could result in reasonably good health for sometimes. But this diet was not helpful for people with severe diabetes. For them, it was found that cutting back severely on all food kept them alive longer.

Atherosclerosis is characterised by thickening of arteries and deposition of atheromatous plaques in the walls of arteries. The excess carbohydrates present in the diet can converted into fats through the lipogenic pathway and gets deposited in the walls of arteries. Therefore, the diet which contains less carbohydrate will lead to less lipogenesis and minimal deposition of fat in the arterial walls reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Scientific papers:

1. Restricted-Carbohydrate Diets in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Meta-Analysis By Julienne K. Kirk, Darby E. Graves, Timothy E. Craven, and Edward W. Lipkin.

Published in Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Volume 108, Issue 1, January 2008, Pages 91-100.

2. The Effect of a Low-Glycemic Diet vs a Standard Diet on Blood Glucose Levels and Macronutrient Intake in Children with Type 1 Diabetes by Alisha J. Rovner, Tonja R. Nansel and Lauren Gellar.

Published in Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Volume 109, Issue 2, February 2009, Pages 303-307.

3. Using Carbohydrate Counting in Diabetes Clinical Practice by SANDRA J GILLESPIE, KARMEEN D KULKARNI and ANNE E DALY.

Published in Journal of the American Dietetic Association, Volume 98, Issue 8, August 1998, Pages 897-905.

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