Hands-On Applications The first step in assessing the hazards associated with a

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Hands-On Applications The first step in assessing the hazards associated with a given volcano is determining what type it is: cinder cone, shield, stratovolcano, or caldera. To do this using remote sensing requires numerical esti- mates of the size and steepness of each type of volcano. The second stop in hazard assessment is assessing the history of eruptions: Is there a history of major explosive eruptions, or are they mostly small cruptions or lava flows? Is the volcano still active or is it dormant or extinct? How frequently has this volcano erupted in the past? A detailed assessment of a volcano requires detailed geologic study of the deposits on the ground and active, instrumented monitoring of the volcano. The exercises that follow will guide you toward a preliminary hazard assessment of a voicano. Objectives If you are assigned all the prob- S. Determine the size of objects orn practice you may be able to do this without a tereoscope) the ground if you know the scake of the air photo or satellite image lems, you should be able to: 6. Recognize different types of 1. Recognize common volcanic features on air photos and 4 Determine the scale of air volcanoes and list the hazards associated with each photos or satellite images if you know the distance between two points on the image or the area covered by the image. satellite images. 2. Interpret false coloes accord ing to the image captions 3. View a pair of saitable air photos or satellite images stercoscopically (with Problems orking with air photos: To help you get started using air photos, refer to Figures 7.15 and 7.16 and answer the following a. Which of the Menan Buttes is shown in 1. W Figure 7.157 How do you know/? (A butte is an isolated, steep-sided hill with a flat or irregular top.) b. Draw an arrow pointing north on Figure 7.15 c. Outline on Figure 7.16 the area covered by the right-hand aerial photograph in Figure 7.15. d. Which direction was the sunlight coming from in Figure 7.15? How do you know? Use the map in Figure 7.16 to determine the approximate scale of Figure 7.15. Show your work. Circle or describe the features on the map and the photo that you used for your measurements e. cinder cones, but are made of ash- and lapilli-sized basaltic pyroclasts. The Menan Buttes formed when rising basaltic magma hit abundant groundwater in the gravel along the Snake River, erupted explosively, and thereby fragmented into smaller pyroclasts than is normal with basalt. Which way was the wind blowing when the Menan Buttes erupted? Why do you say this? f. Cinder cones are normally made of lapilli- and block-sized basaltic scoria. The Menan Butties are tuff cones, which are like 129

Explanation / Answer

The Buttes shown on fig 7.15 is the same that shown at the south in fig 7.16. Is possible to recognize it due to this buttes is near to the river landform

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