Baxter, The Case for Optimal Pollution 1. What does Baxter think is wrong with g

Question

Baxter, The Case for Optimal Pollution 1. What does Baxter think is wrong with goals like "preserve our wilderness"? 2. What sort of claim, according to Baxter, would have to be true for the fact that DDT is destroying penguin populations to give us reason to stop using DDT? 3. Why is one reason Baxter thinks that the criteria for moral evaluation should be people-oriented? 4. What does it mean to say that there is no normative definition of clean air? 5. Why does Baxter think that there is no normative definition of clean air? 6. Why does Baxter think that the optimal level of pollution is not no pollution? Leopold, The Land Ethic . According to Leopold, what do our instincts tell us to do and what do our ethics tell us to do? 2. What does Leopold mean by 'land ethic'? 3. What would Baxter say about Leopold's land ethic? 4. Why role does the interdependence of humans and land play in supporting Leopold's land ethic? Leopold writes, "No important change in ethics was ever accomplished without an internal change in our intellectual emphasis, loyalties, affections, and convictions." How does this relate to Baxter's argument? 5. 6. Why does Leopold think that a focus on economic value gets in the way of the development of a land ethic?

Explanation / Answer

Baxter

1) Acc to Baxter, preserve our wilderness goal doesnot focus on clean air and clean water, so that's the wrong thing about this goal.

2) According to Baxter, the claim that his observations are about environmental problems are people-oriented, not penguins. As penguins are important b'cause people enjoy seeing them walk about rocks. The well-being of people would be less impaired by halting use of DDT than by giving up penguins.

4) The meaning behind no normative definition of clean air is as per the human needs there is not a proper definition of polluted air. Baxter means to say that the "right" composition of the atmosphere is one which has some dust in it and some lead in it and some hydrogen sulfide in it-just those amounts that attend a sensibly organized society thoughtfully and knowledgeably pursuing the greatest possible satisfaction for its human members.

5) Baxter says that because as per the human needs there is not a proper definition of polluted air.

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